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The role of cold acclimation in ischemicko-reperfusion injury
Marvanová, Aneta ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Čížková, Dana (referee) ; Králová Lesná, Ivana (referee)
Cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease, its acute form of myocardial infarction and subsequent heart failure, is still the most common cause of death in the world. For decades, scientists have been aiming to find clinically usable cardioprotective interventions that effectively prevented this disease or reduced the consequences of this disease and improved the quality of life of patients. It is known that a healthy lifestyle, which includes long-term hardening, contributes to heart protection. The beneficial effects of hardening on personality have been known for two hundred years, but no one before us has investigated the effect of a cold environment on the magnitude of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage 10 years ago, we introduced a model of mild cold exposure (8 ± 1 řC) (MCE) which was protective on the size of the myocardial infarction and at the same time no negative side effects such as hypertension and myocardial hypertrophy were demonstrated. Our aim was to investigate the mechanism of cardioprotection induced by MCE. We asked the following questions: What is the metabolic profile of rats exposed to MCE? What is the effect of MCE on the magnitude of I/R damage in the short and long term? When does brown adipose tissue mature during MCE? Which signalling pathways are...
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Gene expression of selected genes in heart of long-term cold acclimated rat under mild conditions
Marvanová, Aneta ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Beneficial effect of hardening or cold adaptation for human health has been known for many decades. Beneficial or detrimental effect depends on the regimen and intensity of the adaptation and thus it is very important to pay attention to them. It has been shown in previous studies that cold adaptation of animals at a low temperature 0-4 žC is accompanied by dehydration and the damage of kidneys. As our best knowledge, the effect of mild cold adaptation on the molecular mechanisms in the heart has not been studied until now. The first aim of this study was to set up a new model of cold adaptation without any negative effects on the organism. The second aim was to assess mRNA levels of selected genes related to the important mechanisms associated with energy metabolism and cardio-protective signaling pathways in the left ventricle. Results obtained using the new model for cold adaptation at 102 řC did not show any negative changes in the blood or urine parameters and body fluid balance was maintained. Screening of mRNAs showed that chronic adaptation might affect the phenotype of the heart, transcriptional activity of the antioxidant system and of the pro-apoptotic genes, lowers adrenergic signaling and moderate glucose metabolism in cardiomyocytes. Key words: cold adaptation, heart, gene...
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Is it possible to demonstrate selection in science teaching? Simulation of natural selection in a model organism.
MARVANOVÁ, Aneta
This thesis examines the effect of natural selection on the rate of development of Microvelia reticulata. Natural selection is an integral part of evolutionary biology. The main task was to determine whether the selection of the developmental rate reflected in the change of development. Selected individuals were reared in the same conditions from egg to imago in a total of three replications in a strain selected for rapid development, slow development and unmanipulated control. There was distinct increase in developmental rate between initial and first selected generation all replications of control strain, followed by slight decrease in all succeeding generations. Similar pattern was present in the strains selected for slow development. A comparably distinct increase in developmental rate appeared also in the strains selected for the fast development, but it was not followed by succeeding slowdown, or the slowdown of the developmental rate was not as remarkable as in other strains. According to not too convincing results and remarkable time and space demands of this research, it is unreal to run similar long-term experiment in school conditions. Research was supported by project of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic no. P505/10/0096.
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