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The Potential Economic Benefits of Plant-Based Diet in Czechia
Růžek, Vojtěch ; Landovská, Petra (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Noncommunicable diseases are growing global issue with significant economic consequences, leading to large direct (expenditures for treatment) and indirect (arising from decreased productivity) costs. Plant-based diet has been shown to decrease the risk of the most dangerous noncommunicable diseases (e.g., ischemic heart disease, stroke, and breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer). In this thesis, we estimate the potential cost savings (both healthcare and social) due to reduction of prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in Czechia linked to plant-based eating patterns. Using prevalence, incidence, mortality, and population data from 2019 (supplemented with 2018 data) in Czechia, Markov chains (set for 10 years, updated annually) for control (no PBD eaters) and treatment (20% of population are PBD eaters) groups are constructed. Morbidity between the two groups is compared and costs are estimated as sum of direct (healthcare utilization) and indirect (absenteeism and premature mortality) costs and discounted to present value. Our findings show that 20% of population adhering to plant-based diet would yield cost savings of 15.8 billion CZK in 10 years discounted to present value, corresponding to 0.28% of Czech GDP in 2019. The most substantial part is covered by direct costs: 13.2 billion CZK....
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Testing the Use of Choice Defaults to Stimulate Behavior of Dancers
Skácelíková, Eva ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Landovská, Petra (referee)
The following thesis presents an experiment examining the effect of choice defaults on stretching of dancers. Stretching is one of possible injury prevention tools. The topic of the thesis is motivated by the importance of injury prevention in efforts to reduce public and private financial burden. Costs linked with injuries are shared among individuals and public finance sector. They are one of the components of government expenditures in the healthcare sector. We explored a sample of 202 participants aged 9-17. The treatment group was enrolled in an after-class stretching club as a default. The control group was exposed to opt-in condition, and they could sign up for the club. The participation in a club was voluntary for both groups. We observed whether participants were enrolled in a club and whether they stretched after class. The data were collected twice each week for a period of month. Analysis showed that the enrollment rate was 17.8 percentage points higher for the treatment group. Stretching rate was also higher for the treatment group, it differed by 11 percentage points. This result was not always statistically significant which might be caused by several limitations of the experiment. Next, we observed a difference of 19.3 percentage points in the effect of age on probability to...
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Payoff of having children - Do elderly parents of more children live in a nursing home less often?
Gömöryová, Katarína ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Landovská, Petra (referee)
This thesis examines how having children impacts the probability of elderly parents to be placed in a nursing home using logit models. Three alternative dependent variables are tested - admission regardless of length, long-term and short-term residency. Additional regressors include demographics, living arrangements, health status, social network, functional and cognitive limitations andjobsituation. Theresultsshowthat residential proximity of children affects each type of institutionalisation. Thenumberofchildrenwasimportantforthe overall admissions regardless of length and short-term stays in a nursing home when size of the household was considered. It was never significant in case of long-term stayers. When partners shared a household together, the number of children did not play a significant role in any type of nursing home placement. In a robustness check, the number of grandchildren replaced the number of children. It was significant in case of admissions and short- term residency even though elderly partners shared one household. Therefore, our results implicate that social policy should be focused on attracting younger cohorts to stay in areas densely populated by the elderly. Keywords elderly parents, housing arrangements, number of children Title Payoff of having children - Do elderly...
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Increasing Efficiency of Inpatient Care in the Czech Republic: ERAS Protocol Adherence in Colorectal Surgery
Hrušková, Barbora ; Bryndová, Lucie (advisor) ; Landovská, Petra (referee)
Barbora Hrušková Abstract Standardization of care is necessary to achieve more efficient inpatient care. En- hanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have proven to accelerate the recov- ery of patients, decrease lengths of stay and reduce complications. However, close adherence to the protocol is necessary to achieve the beneficial outcomes. The pur- pose of this study is to prove that higher adherence to ERAS protocol increases its efficiency by achieving lower expenses and higher productivity due to the decreased patient length of stay. De-identified dataset of patients who underwent colorectal surgery between April 2016 and March 2020 at Motol University Hospital was used for our analysis. Ordinary least squares (OLS) models were created to investigate the effect of adherence to individual items of the protocol as well as the different levels of total adherence on the length of stay. We proved that seven items of ERAS protocol are independent predictors of the length of stay. Moreover, we found an inverse relationship between the ERAS protocol adherence and the length of stay. Finally, after assigning monetary values to our results we could conclude that higher adherence to ERAS protocols provides more efficient inpatient care and contributes to cost savings in the Czech Republic.
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