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Education of first-time mothers about breastfeeding
Hallerová, Tereza ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Čiháková, Karolína (referee)
v angličtině The bachelor's thesis is devoted to the issue of breastfeeding. Specifically, it focuses on the education of first-time mothers about breastfeeding, which plays an irreplaceable role in the subsequent course of breastfeeding and the quality of nutrition of the breastfed child. The work is conceived as theoretical - practical. The aim of the theoretical part is to introduce the issue of breastfeeding. It introduces the anatomy of the female breast, the physiology of lactation and the composition of breast milk. It also describes the importance and benefits of breastfeeding, the correct breastfeeding technique and mentions common complications associated with breastfeeding and their solutions. Last but not least, it describes the role of the midwife in caring for a breastfeeding woman, the importance and forms of educating women about breastfeeding and points to the breastfeeding support system in the world. In the practical part, the aim is to map the interest of first-time mothers in lactation counseling services and to find out their satisfaction with the services provided. The research tries to find out whether and what effect the use of lactation counseling services has on the course and duration of breastfeeding. Furthermore, the research monitors when the women started lactation...
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The effect of epidural analgesia depending on the time of administration and female parity
Hanusová, Aneta ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Čiháková, Karolína (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of epidural analgesia as one of the most effective methods of labour pain control. The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate whether epidural analgesia is administered more frequently in primiparas or multiparas, and what is the frequency of epidural analgesia administration depending on the time of day at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague. The thesis contains theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of physiological labour, description of labour times, labour pain and epidural analgesia, which includes anatomy of the spinal canal, indications, contraindications, drugs and technique of application. The practical part is the research part. It was carried out using analytical data collection from medical records and Medea hospital information system. The retrospective analysis was performed at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague. Keywords: epidural analgesia, time of administration, time of day, parity, primipara, multipara, effect, delivery, pain control
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Breast cancer - women's awareness of secondary prevention options
Košáková, Dominika ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is breast cancer, which is one of the most common cancers in women from the Czech Republic. This thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part was focused on the description of the issues related to breast cancer. Initially, it guides the reader through the anatomy and development of the female breast. The following chapters then introduce the reader to the different types of breast disease, either benign or malignant. Risk factors, symptoms of the disease, and current methods of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are also described. The last chapter elaborates on primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of breast cancer. In the practical part, two main objectives have been set. The first was to find out what is the awareness of women about secondary prevention and the second was to find out whether women are actively involved in it. These two objectives were further explored through nine sub-objectives. The research investigation was carried out using an anonymous, quantitative questionnaire survey conducted at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague. Data collection at the clinic took place from 1 November 2022 to 31 March 2023 and was carried out using a...
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Perinatal hypoxia: mechanisms and etiology
Laštůvka, Zdeněk ; Riljak, Vladimír (advisor) ; Cendelín, Jan (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Perinatal asphyxia is a condition resulting from hypoxic-ischemic injury in utero or during birth and causing perinatal morbidity and mortality. Up until now, numerous models of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia were created and presented simulating brain damage patterns and motor deficits. Rice-Vannucci model is a leading representative of animal rodent models of hypoxic injury. It uses unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery in combination with exposure to hypoxic environment. Seven-day-old mouse pups underwent unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery in combination with exposure to 8 % oxygen hypoxic air (Rice-Vannucci model modification). Experimental groups with isolated carotid artery ligation or only exposure to hypoxia were created, too. To assess the spontaneous behavior changes of mice we used an automated system for the continuous tracking of small rodent behavior (LABORAS ™). On postnatal day 60, the spontaneous behavior of mice was analyzed in various behavioral domains. The observed areas for histological analysis were the cerebral cortex, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, hilus, and the dorsal and ventral blades of the dentate gyrus. Induced hypoxia and ischemia together generated substantial behavioral and morphological changes which led to significant differences in...
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Effect of socioeconomic status on breastfeeding duration
Trpálková, Tereza ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on the breastfeeding and its issues. This thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is to widen the educaion of the public and the valid information about breastfeeding. This part consists of the anatomy of breast and physiology of lactation, emphasizes the value of breastfeeding for mother, baby and the whole society and also the Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030 is mentioned. It also recommends the ideal nourishment of breastfeeding women, describes the rules and correct techniques of breastfeeding, specifies the ideal growth and progress of the baby. It decribes the main complications during breastfeeding and offers their solution. It offers also the alternatives of nourishment and rules for its uses. It shows the support of breastfeeding and sums up the results of foreign studies about socioeconomical status and its influence on the length of breastfeeding. The practical part follows the theoretical part and research the influence of socioeconomical status on ways and length of breastfeeding. The set hypothesis presumed that there will be no difference in the form of breastfeeding depending on the education of women in the period of 14th day, 1st month, 3rd month and 5th month of baby's life. With those set aims and...
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Breastfeeding in the COVID-19 era
Brožková, Adéla ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on breast-feeding and midwife competences and her irreplaceable care in life of nursing woman. Thesis is based as theory-practice work. Goal of theoretic part is to summary the knowledge of nursing with specific focus on COVID-19 disease and its disadvantage on nursing women. Practical part of the thesis is based on results from medical documentation of monitored homogenous group of woman, with added conclusions data from questionnaires addressed to this homogeneous group of woman. Thesis monitors differences in fully nursed newborns, partially nursed newborns with artificial nutrition on side and newborns fully nourished by artificial nutritious. Data were followed during leave from the maternity yard, after three months and after six months. Reported data were compared between control year 2019 and monitored year 2020, when world was flooded by COVID-19 disease which resulted in various limitations during hospitalisations. Thesis also examine bonding and its effect on nursing woman. Statistics methods fully supported first hypothesis, as no significant differences between nursing women leaving from hospital were reported in year 2021 versus control year 2019. Other two hypothesis were rejected, as statistical data showed that in third and sixth month after childbirth...
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Maternal stress and premature birth
Kokešová, Nikola ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis is studying the influence of maternal stress on premature birth. Premature birth is a very serious perinatal complication, the incidence of which remains consistent, although health care is constantly improving. In the Czech Republic, the incidence of premature birth is around 8 %. The work has theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on preterm birth, what are its causes, how it can be prevented, what is the diagnosis and management of premature birth. Last but not least the thesis discusses stress as a risk factor for preterm birth. In 2020, a pandemic of COVID-19 hit the world. In March 2020, the first cases appeared in the Czech Republic. A completely new and extraordinary situation has brought many changes and limitations in everyday life of the society, and thus caused an excessive level of stress in the population. Therefore, in the practical part, we focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy and premature births. The aim of the work was to find out whether this new stressful situation affected the frequency of premature births at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital in Prague. We have also studied whether the frequency of premature births has...
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