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Karyotype evolution of Pseudoscorpions of the genus Chthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the Alps
Kotrbová, Jana ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on cytogenetic and molecular phylogenetic analysis of 13 (respectively 15) pseudoscorpions species of the genus Chthonius from the Alps. Studied material includes three subgenera Chthonius (Chthonius), Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) and Chthonius (Globochthonius). Cytogenetic methods revealed that the diploid number of chromosomes in the analyzed species from the Alps ranged between 21-35. All examined males show X0 sex chromosomal system. The sex chromosome is always metacentric and the largest one in the nucleus. Furthermore, the achiasmatic meiosis characteristic for this pseudoscorpion family was confirmed in males of this genus. Morphological types of chromosomes and the size differentiation of chromosomes in karyotype indicate that the main chromosome rearrangements in karyotype evolution in the genus Chthonius are centric and tandem fusion, causing reduction in the number of chromosomes. Ocasinally, pericentric inversion causing a change of acrocentric chromosomes into double-arm ones, has been detected. A possible variability in the number and morphology of the chromosomes has been found in Chthonius (Ch.) tenuis and Ch. (Ch.) raridentatus species. However, given the synpatric occurence of the rare forms with the typical karyotype forms, it could represent an...
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Diversity of European pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones)
Kotrbová, Jana ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Christophoryová, Jana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is description of diversity of Pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones) in Europe. Europe is the best explored continent of the world in the range of the order Pseudoscorpions. This is due to long-term tradition in the research of Pseudoscorpions. There was noted 755 species in Europe until 2011, which are sorted into 14 families. The most numerous family is Neobisiidae (12 genus, 401 species), following families Chthoniidae (5 genus, 214 species), Chernetidae (8 genus, 49 species), Cheliferidae (9 genus, 37 species), Syarinidae (5 genus, 13 species), Olpiidae (3 genus, 10 species), Larcidae (1 genus, 6 species), Garypinidae (3 genus, 5 species), Atemnidae (2 genus, 5 species), Withiidae (1 genus, 4 species), Geogarypidae (1 genus, 3 species), Cheiridiidae (2 genus, 3 species), Garypidae (1 genus, 3 species) and Bochicidae (2 genus, 2 species). The families Neobisiidae, Chthoniidae, Cheliferidae, Cheiridiidae a Chernetidae occur almost in whole Europe, the remaining families are noted mainly from southern areas of Europe. The extension of Pseudoscorpions is influenced by many factors, either abiotic (temperature, humidity, altitude and geological factor) or biotic (foresy and human influence). In detail it is not possible to evaluate the influence of individual factors due to limited number...
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King, knight, squire and their virtues according to the Old Czech romance Tristram and Izalda
Kotrbová, Jana ; Fantysová Matějková, Jana (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
The thesis deals with an Old Czech novel in verse Tristram and Izalda. Initially, I examine the genre of chivalric novel in the context of Czech literature of the thirteenth and fourteenth century. I am interested in the view of literary history on these texts and primarily in the assessment of Tristram and Izalda. I pursue the reception of the Tristanian topic in the Czech environment, which has first been introduced to the German versions of this epic. The Old Czech translation from second half of 14th century gains from three German sources that are variously combined. I endeavour to use the novel as a source reflecting the ideological world of the Czech aristocracy of late mediaeval times. I have defined - on the basis of the characters present in the novel - four social groups: rulers, knights and court officials, noble women and servants. On the selected virtues - faithfulness, generosity, wisdom and honour - and social relationships - friendship, marriage and love - I observe the way of their depiction at individual social groups. Each social position carries different expectations. The attribution of characteristic features and the preferred type of behaviour reveal a clear hierarchy. The central character is the knight, to whom the other groups are always specifically related. In my opinion, the...
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