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Proteomic identification of nuts in festive cookies
Kadeřábková, Lucie ; Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
This diploma thesis is devoted to the proteomic identification of selected nuts in festive cookies. Two types of mass spectrometry were used for the nut identification; their outcomes allow for comparison and completeness of the data. The theoretical part provides a comprehensive overview of the nutritional values of nuts and the issues of food fraud and authenticity. It concludes with a didactic view and potential applications in chemistry lessons and other school subjects. The experimental part analysed eleven different nuts, submitted to high temperatures, which simulated baking and seven different types of festive cookies (six mass-produced cookies and one type of cookie with priorly unknown content of nuts). Mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF was used with subsequent evaluation using relational database system PostgreSQL to obtain characteristic m/z values for each of the eleven heat-subjected nuts. These values were then compared to the m/z values of the festive cookies to identify declared nuts and nuts used in the "unknown" sample. This identification was proved with various success rates in four of six mass-produced samples. The success rate was derived from the number of unique m/z values found in each of the nuts. The "unknown" sample was correctly identified based on the presence of one third...
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Proteomic resolution of cereals
Nyškovská, Kristýna ; Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the proteomic differentiation of cereals (amaranth, sown barley, sown maize, qinoa, grain sorghum, sown oats, sown wheat, sown buckwheat, sown millet, sown rice, spelt, sown rye). Cereals are abundant in the human diet and are one of the main sources of protein and carbohydrates. The aim was to determine whether it is possible to distinguish between different types of cereals and to compare the difference between cereals and pseudocereals based on the protein composition of their grains using the mass spectrometric method MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization - Time of Flight. The theoretical part deals with the introduction of cereals, pseudocereals and their nutritional values, application and analytical method MALDI-TOF MS. The experimental part deals with the collection of different cereal species and their subsequent analysis. The samples were mechanically processed and digested using the enzyme trypsin. The cleaved peptides were measured by MALDI-TOF MS and the obtained spectra were subsequently processed using mMass and PostgreSQL (version 14.2). In this way, specific m/z values were determined that are characteristic of each cereal analyzed. From these values, a table was compiled that summarizes these characteristic values. Which allows the...
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Reaction of protein with nitric acid as a topic for an inquiry-based activity
Hanušová, Barbora ; Kolář, Karel (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee)
The teaching experiment has an indispensable role in teaching. The object of investigation of this thesis is to study the interaction of nitric acid with proteins. The course of the reaction is motivating and inspiring for pupils and students due to the observable changes that occur. The course of the reaction involves asking several questions. In order to answer them, the student must explain the nature of the reactions. A bioorganic model based on simple reactions carried out on a dot-plate is sufficient to explain the reaction process. The main motivation for this activity was to enrich the existing range of simple teaching experiments in organic chemistry and biochemistry with an experiment using exploratory methods in the context of bioorganic models. KEYWORDS nitric acid, proteins, xanthoprotein reaction, school experiment
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Analysis of measurement results of concrete permeability for air and water as a basis for estimating the actual durability
Kadlecová, Zlata ; Kolář, Karel (referee) ; Pavlík,, Vladimír (referee) ; Adámek, Jiří (referee) ; Anton, Ondřej (advisor)
Permeability surface layer of concrete is engaged in many research institutes around the world, because the surface layer is the weakest link in the entire concrete structure. This dissertation followed on the issue of global solutions and broadens the horizon of the covercrete issues. The aim of this work was to create the conversion relations between the methods for evaluating the permeability of concrete surface layer allow approximate evaluation of the surface layer of concrete depending on the current moisture. In practice mostly occur concrete, which surface mass of moisture is equal to 3 %, so this amount of moisture is selected as the reference. For comparison were used: the device TPT (Torrent Permeability Tester), device GWT (Germanns Water Permeability Tester) and methods ISAT (Initial Surface Absorption Test). A secondary aim was to create a unified methodology for measuring the device.
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Design and synthesis of a potential orexin receptor OX2R modulator with the use of in silico methods
Kárová, Barbora ; Doležal, Rafael (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
Orexinergic nervous system is a complex of neurons playing a significant role in managing sleep cycle and food intake. Orexin neurons situated in the lateral hypothalamus produce orexin neuropeptides A and B, which interact with two orexin receptors in a broad range of neurons in the brain. A reduced production of these neuropeptides due to the loss of orexin neurons is the cause of a specific and rare disease narcolepsy, which is currently incurable. A significant milestone in terms of drug research and development against narcolepsy is a study of Takashi Nagaraha's scientific group (2015), which was the first one to synthesize a non-peptidic agonist of the orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) that has inspired further design of new drug candidates with an increased chance to reach the clinical practice. This Bachelor Thesis is focused on the design and organic synthesis of a novel OX2R agonist with a 2-deoxystreptamine substructure and follows the Nagahara's study using rational and computer-aided drug design. The theoretical part is dedicated to the literature review of this issue, the practical part focuses on the design of 11 ligands using in silico and medicinal chemistry methods. The organic synthesis was then proposed, based on a retrosynthetic analysis, for the final candidate with the optimal...
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Models of enzyme-substrate interaction in chemistry teaching
Mužík, Jakub ; Kolář, Karel (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee)
The Diploma Thesis deals with the application of biochemistry tasks extended by a material and multimedia model in chemistry teaching at high school and university. The main objective was to find out whether the proposed tasks meet the criteria for inclusion in the teaching of biochemistry within laboratory exercises in high school seminars and university laboratory exercises. Qualitative research using the method of semi-structured interview, intrinsic motivation inventory and activity perception questionnaire were used for the analysis. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part contains information about enzymes, their active center and today's views of their function. Furthermore, the emergence of a "guest-host" interaction between acid-base indicators and macrocyclic compounds - cyclodextrins, which serve as models for the demonstration of the interaction between the substrate and the active site of the enzyme, is described. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the methodology of research of tasks at high school and university. The practical part describes the tasks including experimentally obtained data for their realization and all the tools necessary for their implementation. Furthermore, the creation and use of material and...
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Comprehensive chemical analysis of blood coatings
Matěcha, Tadeáš ; Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Kolář, Karel (referee)
This thesis deals with the comprehensive chemical analysis of blood coatings using mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. The theoretical part focuses first on the history of use, properties, and formulations of blood coatings, then on their composition, which is divided into protein and non-protein components, as well as on selected analytical methods used for their identification. In the experimental part, 41 model samples and 2 real samples are evaluated and discussed. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS) was used to identify the protein component in all samples. Determination of the quantitative abundance of each type of protein additive in the blood coatings was performed based on the number of peptides found originating from proteins typical for specific protein additives. Furthermore, it was possible to identify the amino acid sequences that allow to determine the animal origin of the blood used. The non-protein components of all samples were identified by infrared spectroscopy, specifically by the attenuated total reflection and diffuse reflectance techniques. The quantitative analyses based on the change of the intensities of the measured spectra was also discussed. A special chapter is devoted to the identification of animal glue and to the...
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