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Epidemiology, comorbidities and quality of life in patients with psoriasis
Hugo, Jan ; Gkalpakiotis, Spyridon (advisor) ; Kodet, Ondřej (referee) ; Slonková, Veronika (referee)
Psoriasis is a complex systemic disease included among the Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMID). Although not life-threatening in itself, it has a dramatic impact on patients' quality of life and is associated with a risk of developing a number of comorbidities. Therefore, considering that it is one of the most common chronic dermatoses, affecting more than 100 million people worldwide, the WHO has designated psoriasis as a major global health problem. The goal of the treatment is to get the disease under long-term control, to achieve the fewest visible manifestations and minimal activity of new ones, while in patients with severe psoriasis, systemic therapy is necessary. However, this has been very difficult for a long time, because conventional systemic therapies were often not sufficiently effective, and due to side effects and the need for frequent laboratory tests, they were also not appropriate for long-term administration. Nevertheless, intensive research and a better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of psoriasis have led to the development of targeted biological therapy, which represents a significant advance in both efficacy and safety. But it is a new therapy, so many questions are not yet answered, especially with newer generations of biological therapy. Therefore, our work...
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Study of Epithelial Mesenchymal Interactions in Squamous Epithelium Derived Tumors
Kodet, Ondřej ; Lacina, Lukáš (advisor) ; Borovanský, Jan (referee) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is focused on the epithelial mesenchymal interactions in tumors derived from squamous epithelium including tumors arising from minor cell population (melanocytes). This study is also reflecting aspects of epithelial glycobiology resp. the study of endogenous lectins, the galectins, in head and neck squamous carcinomas. Galectins represent, in the current concepts of cell and tumor biology molecules with a remarkable potential. Galectins participate, besides in regulation of pre- and postnatal homeostasis in normal tissues, also in many pathological processes such as autoimmune reactions or malignancies. In this thesis, we demonstrated the presence of galectin-1 and -2 and their glycoligands in interphasic and mitotic nuclei, which may contribute to regulation of the cell cycle. Furthermore, we demonstrated galectin-9 as a sensitive marker of transformation normal to the dysplastic squamous epithelium in head and neck. The epithelial mesenchymal interactions represent mechanisms, which are responsible for dynamic maintenance of the homeostasis of the organism during prenatal development, postnatal growth and during cyclic renewal of certain tissues. These interactions also participate in wound healing. On the other hand they play a crucial role in the process of tumor transformation,...
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Study of Epithelial Mesenchymal Interactions in Squamous Epithelium Derived Tumors
Kodet, Ondřej ; Lacina, Lukáš (advisor) ; Borovanský, Jan (referee) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is focused on the epithelial mesenchymal interactions in tumors derived from squamous epithelium including tumors arising from minor cell population (melanocytes). This study is also reflecting aspects of epithelial glycobiology resp. the study of endogenous lectins, the galectins, in head and neck squamous carcinomas. Galectins represent, in the current concepts of cell and tumor biology molecules with a remarkable potential. Galectins participate, besides in regulation of pre- and postnatal homeostasis in normal tissues, also in many pathological processes such as autoimmune reactions or malignancies. In this thesis, we demonstrated the presence of galectin-1 and -2 and their glycoligands in interphasic and mitotic nuclei, which may contribute to regulation of the cell cycle. Furthermore, we demonstrated galectin-9 as a sensitive marker of transformation normal to the dysplastic squamous epithelium in head and neck. The epithelial mesenchymal interactions represent mechanisms, which are responsible for dynamic maintenance of the homeostasis of the organism during prenatal development, postnatal growth and during cyclic renewal of certain tissues. These interactions also participate in wound healing. On the other hand they play a crucial role in the process of tumor transformation,...
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Tumor microenvironment: Cancer-associated fibroblasts and their biological function in tumors derived from squamous epithelium
Nedvědová, Tereza ; Kodet, Ondřej (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee)
The incidence of carcinomas originating from squamous cell epithelium increases with population ageing as well as in younger people. The treatment is demanding for both the patient and whole health system. For the successful therapy, there is a need to understand the development and spreading of the tumor to target them specifically. Tumors consist of tumor stroma and malignant cells. Cancer cells are organized in a hierarchic order and the major problem are cancer stem cells. Adult stem cells are defined as cells with the capacity to self-renew as well as the ability to generate differentiated cells within the tumor. Resistance to targeted therapy can improve survival of these cells and is responsible for cancer relapse. Tumor stroma constitutes another important part of tumor. It is composed of non-cancer cells and extracellular matrix and has become recognized as a major factor in cancer growth and metastation. The stroma includes vascular and immune cells and especially cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These cells are not malignant per se, nevertheless their role in supporting cancer growth and survival is important, so they have become an attractive target for treatment. There are several hypotheses made to explain the origin of CAFs. The question is whether the origin of all CAFs in one...
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