|
|
Space heating and ventilation in a two-generation house
Kazda, Jan ; Hejčík, Jiří (referee) ; Charvát, Pavel (advisor)
This Master's thesis deals with the evaluation of a current state of two-generation villa and its following proposal of the optimization. Evaluation includes calculation of heat loss of a current state. Optimization is based on the reduction of heat loss in the building, pressure balance of the system, change of heat source and installation of balanced ventilation. Chapter describing regulation of technology follows and in conclusion indicative price for the whole suggested technology is calculated.
|
|
|
Space heating of a one-story home
Kazda, Jan ; Hejčík, Jiří (referee) ; Charvát, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the calculation of the heat loss in a single- storey family house. The calculation is done in detail for every room. After calculation there is a suggestion of a heating system and source of heat. Next part of the thesis presents a real technology of the heating in a family house. Prices of the real and ideal systems are also compared.
|
|
|
Design and implementation of an automated robotic workplace for controlled plant cultivation
Kazda, Jan ; Adámek, Roman (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis will deal with the design and implementation of a robotic workplace for controlled plant cultivation. This system will be operated by 4 robots. The communication between the robots will be provided through a Programmable Logic Automaton. Calibration processes will be developed for the robots to achieve the required working accuracy of the robot. In order to perform these calibrations, calibration marks will be created for the cassettes that house the petri dishes. The cassettes are described as carriers for the individual petri dishes. Finally, verification of the real functionality of the system will be addressed.
|
|
| |
|
|
Space heating and ventilation in a two-generation house
Kazda, Jan ; Hejčík, Jiří (referee) ; Charvát, Pavel (advisor)
This Master's thesis deals with the evaluation of a current state of two-generation villa and its following proposal of the optimization. Evaluation includes calculation of heat loss of a current state. Optimization is based on the reduction of heat loss in the building, pressure balance of the system, change of heat source and installation of balanced ventilation. Chapter describing regulation of technology follows and in conclusion indicative price for the whole suggested technology is calculated.
|
|
|
Resistance of cole vegetable cultivars against Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes in Czech Republic
Zacharová, Lea ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Gerhard, Gerhard (referee)
Clubroot disease of crucifer plants is caused by a pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (Wor.). It is counted among the most common and most serious diseases that attack not only rape, but also, for example, head cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and other kinds of cabbage vegetables.
Plasmodiophora brassicae is descirebed as a very durable and well-developed body in this thesis. Physical, chemical and biological components of the soil environment are in the thesis associated with an effect on survival, growth and reproduction of this microbe. Obviously, Plasmodiophora's brassicae successfulness is given due to its resting spores and because of them the microbe is able to survive in a soil for years.
The experimental part of my thesis is focused on a testing of resistance of selected cultivars against Plasmodiophora brassicae. Each variety were grown under the control within conditions in the greenhouse. To evaluate the degree of a damage of the plants scale of Buzacki (1975), Strelkov et al. (2007) were applied, the index of an invasion was calculated based on these scales.
Cultivars were exposed to a pathotype 6 and as a control variety was used the cultivar Granaat. The results had shown the most susceptible respond of a cultivar red cabbage F1 Loder and other varieties tested had confirmed their resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae.
|
|
|
Biological methods of monitoring insecticides resistant populations of selected oilseed rape pests
Zdražil, Adam ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The literary part of the thesis describes biology, economic importance and methods of chemical protection against pollen beetle, cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle. The resistance of these pests against zoocides in the Czech republic and in some parts of neighbour European countries is decribed and principles of antiresistance strategies are outlined. Each group of insecticides is describd and their active components are rated in the practical part of the thesis. Findings about pest resistance are summarized - resistance types and mechanisms in particular. Then monitoring of resistent populations of plant pests are described.
New findings concerning the resistance of three oilseed rape pests were acquired using biological methods. For cabage seed weevil six areas were evaluated, for pollen beetle seven and for cabbage stem flea beetle two areas were evaluated. All the evaluated areas are in the Czech republic.
The adult-vial test number 11, nr. 25, nr. 27 accordinng to IRAC methodology and topical aplication test were used to rate the resistance. The efficiency of five pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin), one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos - cabbage stem flea beetle only) and one oxadiazin (indoxacarb) in different concentrations were rated.
The mortality of the pests was rated 24 hours after active component functioning for pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil and after 48 hours for cabage stem flea beetle. Then lethal concentration LC50 and LC95 values were assessed.
For ppollen beetle, the resistance against pyrethroids was confirmed with the exception, the effect of neonicotinoids was variable, acetamiprid and thiacloprid showed reduced efficiency in populations of some areas. Assessed populations of cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle were very sensitive to pyrethroids, but neonicotinoids showed insufficient efficiency. The indoxacarb sensitivity of pollen beetle and cabbage stem flea beetle was high.
|
|
|
Influence of white and yellow flower rape on incidence of natural enemies of pests
Křížek, Stanislav ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
The insect society living in oilseed rape is large. Change of the crop characteristics affects both harmful species and beneficious ones. The latter group consists of a lot of members of order Hymenoptera. This work focuses on the evaluation of impact of white oilseed rape cultivation on the insect society in comparison with two yellow winter varieties. Newly bred winter oilseed rape line variety Witt was compared to two hybrid varieties of yellow rape; Sherpa and DK Sensei. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and its plots were placed at Ruzyně at Crop Reserach Institute (VÚRV, v. v. i.) and also at the Experimental Unit of Czech University of Life Sciences (ČZU) in Uhříněves. The insects were collected by sweeping net, soil larvae traps and soil emergence traps. The occurrence of serious pests (pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus, brassica pod midge Dasineura brassicae, cabbage seed weevil Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephalus and cabbage flea beetles Phyllotreta sp.) was recorded. Dominant parasitoid species were Tersilochus heterocerus, Platygaster subuliformis, Trichomalus perfectus, Mesopolobus morys and Omphale clypealis. The level of pest mortality was evaluated. Numbers of species identified by key were processed using generalized linear model method in R statistical software. The results confirm suitability of the assessed varieties in the white oilseed rape cultivation system, notably in the combination of Sherpa and Witt. They give an insight into parasitoid community of oilseed rape in Czech republic, which is useful for management of serious pest species.
|
|
|
Comparison of various methods monitoring insect diversity in sown flower strips and neighboring fields of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape
Kolařík, David ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
In this study we deal with comparison of insect monitoring methods on flowering strip, wheat and oilseed rape. The experiment is located at two study sites: Crop Research Institute at Ruzyně and Experiment unit of Czech University of Life Sciences in Uhříněves. The experiment was carried out in 2015.
To make monitoring we utilized sweeping net, Möricke yellow traps, transect counting and as a supplementary method we utilized light trap. Monitoring was done in 25 of June, 16 of July and 12 of August 2015. These dates were chosen because of flowering of the strip which was the most important issue in this study. As a result of this the insect diversity in other almost harvested variants was quite low.
The most important insect species quantities were collected from Möricke traps in all three variants. But this fact could be naturally based on the attractivity of the yellow color, so we can´t reliably say, if in out of bloom rape or wheat could be present this high amount of insect or if it is only being attracted by color of the trap from the neighborhood.
The second method with the highest insect occurrence was sweeping net. Again the highest species diversity was described from the flowering strip.
The lowest amount of insects was noted in transect counting. This method has (contrastingly to the others) disadvantage in the high possibility of fail to detect small insect, which are normally noticed by the other methods.
Light trap monitored about the highest species number, where the majority of species belong to order Lepidoptera. That sway this method was employed only to enrich the species diversity.
|
|
|
Basic comparison winter wheat and neighboring flowering strip
Suchý, Viktor ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
Summary
The winter wheat belongs to the staple crop not only around the whole world, but also in the Czech Republic, where it has been grown on about 38 percent of the cultivated land and, regarding the general share of cereals, on 60 percent of the cultivated land. Since the cereals do not provide nectar, nor are they the valuable source of pollen, as regards to the diversity of insects the cereals provide rather poor environment. The lack of food resources for the living species of insects in the agricultural landscape influenced by the high ratio of cereals should be compensated by flowering strips. Regardless of the potential of the flowering strips to support the biodiversity of insects in landscapes, the flowering strips could boost useful species of insects in surrounding plants and help with pest control.
In 2014 the research experiment on a flowering nectar-rich biostrip supposedly improving the presence of pollinators as well as natural enemies was done on the field of the research station in Uhrineves, Prague. In autumn 2014 the winter wheat was sowed and then in spring 2015 the flowering strips consisting of 12 plant species were sowed along one side of the winter wheat field. The observations of the insect species presence were always conducted during favourable climatic conditions from the beginning of June until the harvest of winter wheat in late July. Insect captures were conducted using Moericke traps method once or twice a week and sweep-netting method once every two weeks. The number of insects species such as predators (Coccinellidae, Cantharidae, Staphylinidae), parasitoids (Hymenoptera parasitica) and pollinators (Syrphidae) were observed. Simultaneously, the intensity of flowering including species of weeds was assessed. The open flowers were counted on four unchanged spots on the field, the area of 1 square metre. MS Excel was used for data processing.
The hypothesis of the project has been confirmed. Using the sweepnetting methods, the higher number of monitored insect species has been found in the flowering strips compared to the wheat vegetation. Significantly higher number of parasitic wasps specimens has been observed. The sweepnetting method is considered as an appropriate in comparison to Moericke traps, which have been luring the insects in the vicinity, but have not proved the real presence of insects in the cover.
|
guest ::
RSS feed.