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Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Phlebotomus and development of Leishmania in vectors
Chajbullinová, Alsu ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Jirků, Miloslav (referee)
In the Mediterranean region P. neglectus is a proven vector of Leishmania infantum and P. syriacus is a probable vector. This two species belong to Phlebotomus (Larroussius) major complex. Different populations of P. neglectus and P. syriacus from localities in Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, Hungary, Greece and the island of Crete, the Crimean peninsula, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and Israel were studied by sequencing analysis of nuclear (EF-1α) and mitochondrial (Cyt b, COI) markers. This study confirmed the general concept of species distribution: P. neglectus is present in the north- central part of the Mediterranean while P. syriacus is attributed to the eastern part. A detailed observations showed a sympatric incidence of P. neglectus and P. syriacus in Turkey and Crete. Specimens retained from Crimean localities were studied with respect to previously described P. major krimensis subspecies, endemit of Crimean peninsula. Acording a mitochondrial marker (Cyt b) can be postulatet, that P. major krimensis distribution is vaster and reache into Turkey. Excepting P. neglectus and P. syriacus the presence of third distinguishable groupe of "P. cretensis "were observed in Crete. Morphometric analyses of this species show, that proper identification of these species is notoriously difficult....
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Fornicata and biological pecularities of Giardia intestinalis
Rmoutilová, Eva ; Čepička, Ivan (advisor) ; Jirků, Miloslav (referee)
Fornicata is a recently established group of anaerobic protists that belongs to supergroup Excavata. Three main groups of Fornicata are Diplomonadida, Retortamonadida and Carpediemonas-like-organisms (CLOs). Most of these protists live as endobionts of various animals, several free-living representatives have been described as well. Fornicates are typical excavates, though some excavate features have been reduced in Diplomonadida. Diplomonads are unique with doubled (diplozoic) cell structure of most representatives. Several hypotheses explaining the evolution of diplozoic diplomonads were proposed, but none of them has been widely accepted. Fornicata are closely related to Parabasalia and Preaxostyla forming together clan Metamonada. Since Metamonada were considered to be primarily amitochondriate, they were classified among Archezoa. However, the kingdom Archezoa was rejected after the discovery of mitochondrial genes and reduced mitochondria in most supposedly archezoal protists. Within Fornicata, reduced mitochondria - called mitosome - was found in the parasite Giardia intestinalis. Giardia intestinalis is a well known parasite of humans and other mammals. Besides epidemiology, there are many other interesting aspects of this protist that are intensively studied, e.g. its high genetic...
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