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Health literacy of mothers with premature infant
Vencová, Barbora ; Ivanová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Valešová Malecová, Barbara (referee)
Health literacy represents the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health, according to WHO. Common health literacy level may be sufficient in the case of smooth pregnancy and natural childbirth. However, if there are some health problems, it is necessary to support an increase in health literacy level of mothers. Main objective of this thesis is to describe the objective health literacy level of mothers with premature baby and to identify areas that are for these mothers most problematic. The theoretical part deals with demographic data related to premature births, the basic definition of prematurity, an essential characteristic of neonatology and organization of care, premature baby, the most common medical complications and prognosis. Defines and operationalizes health literacy of mothers with premature baby. Research used a qualitative methodology. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Respondents for interview were physicians who care for preterm infants. The selection of respondents was conducted using the snowball sampling to facilitate data analysis, were interviews transcribed and then analyzed using the cluster analysis. Results were...
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Lifestyle as a social determinant of health (an attempt to operationalize one social relationship)
Ivanová, Kateřina ; Duffková, Jana (advisor) ; Šimek, Eduard (referee)
V současné západní společnosti jsou lidé stále více nuceni čelit životním rizikům1 a vyvíjet strategie, jak se jim vyhnout nebo jak oslabit jejich dopady. Na zdravotní rizika se v rámci těchto strategií zaměřuje mimořádná pozornost, která se tak stává konglomerátem vědění a diskurzů, praxe a institucí. 2 Tento jev reflektují všechny humanitní obory, jiné je ale jejich stanovisko: Někteří filosofové a sociologové (např. Illich, Foucault, Lupton, Parusníková, Komárek, Capra aj.) se domnívají, že v současné "rizikové společnosti" zdraví získalo téměř prorockou dimenzi. Být zdravý rovná se být normální, morální a odpovědný, civilizovaný a úspěšný, silný a atraktivní. Pěstování nezdravých aktivit je definováno protikladně - být nezdravý znamená být stigmatizován a sociálně diskvalifikován, být barbarský a ošklivý. Zdraví jako osobní odpovědnost se podle nich stává břemenem, vnuceným pomocí medicinalizace a medikalizace3 každému člověku. To vše ovlivňuje, ba determinuje životní styl některých sociálních skupin. Výsledkem je, jak uvádějí, že pravidla a principy zdraví se stávají extrémně internalizované a jsou zvnitřněny jako naše "svobodné volby". Helsismus se pokouší snížit zdravotní rizika na minimum a vtrhává do každého koutu života jedinců. Současně je zdraví prezentováno jako něco, co můžeme mít pod...
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Ethical Aspects of Restriction of Free Movement in the Course of Providing Social and Health Care
Lukasová, Marie ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Ivanová, Kateřina (referee) ; Haškovcová, Helena (referee)
M. Lukasová: Ethical Aspect of Restriction of Free Movement in the Course of Providing Social and Health Care Abstract In the course of providing social and health care, the providers on occasions resort to measures which limit the person's freedom of movement with the aim to prevent a harm to their life or health. Depending on the circumstances it involves a more or less invasive intervention - sometimes it is immediate and includes use of force in the situation of conflict and aggression management, other times it is rather a long-term nursing practice, for instance focused on fall prevention. Restraining is connected with the risk of considerably negative effects on health of a patient/service user. Therefore some authors doubt whether the use of restrictive intervention is ethical and lawful, and it is seen as inhuman and degrading treatment. Nevertheless, the most widespread approach accepts restrictive interventions as a measure of last resort (ultima ratio) providing that the principles of necessity and subsidiarity are respected. In the Czech Republic the public and professional debate is not sufficient and the use of restrictive interventions is not subjected to the state inspection. The human rights monitoring of persons held in health and social care institutions reports cases of restrictions...
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Ethical Aspects of Restriction of Free Movement in the Course of Providing Social and Health Care
Lukasová, Marie ; Holmerová, Iva (advisor) ; Ivanová, Kateřina (referee) ; Haškovcová, Helena (referee)
M. Lukasová: Ethical Aspect of Restriction of Free Movement in the Course of Providing Social and Health Care Abstract In the course of providing social and health care, the providers on occasions resort to measures which limit the person's freedom of movement with the aim to prevent a harm to their life or health. Depending on the circumstances it involves a more or less invasive intervention - sometimes it is immediate and includes use of force in the situation of conflict and aggression management, other times it is rather a long-term nursing practice, for instance focused on fall prevention. Restraining is connected with the risk of considerably negative effects on health of a patient/service user. Therefore some authors doubt whether the use of restrictive intervention is ethical and lawful, and it is seen as inhuman and degrading treatment. Nevertheless, the most widespread approach accepts restrictive interventions as a measure of last resort (ultima ratio) providing that the principles of necessity and subsidiarity are respected. In the Czech Republic the public and professional debate is not sufficient and the use of restrictive interventions is not subjected to the state inspection. The human rights monitoring of persons held in health and social care institutions reports cases of restrictions...
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Health literacy of mothers with premature infant
Vencová, Barbora ; Ivanová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Valešová Malecová, Barbara (referee)
Health literacy represents the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health, according to WHO. Common health literacy level may be sufficient in the case of smooth pregnancy and natural childbirth. However, if there are some health problems, it is necessary to support an increase in health literacy level of mothers. Main objective of this thesis is to describe the objective health literacy level of mothers with premature baby and to identify areas that are for these mothers most problematic. The theoretical part deals with demographic data related to premature births, the basic definition of prematurity, an essential characteristic of neonatology and organization of care, premature baby, the most common medical complications and prognosis. Defines and operationalizes health literacy of mothers with premature baby. Research used a qualitative methodology. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Respondents for interview were physicians who care for preterm infants. The selection of respondents was conducted using the snowball sampling to facilitate data analysis, were interviews transcribed and then analyzed using the cluster analysis. Results were...
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Self-care as a Sign of Autonomy in the Health Care Process
Halmo, Renata ; Šimek, Jiří (advisor) ; Ivanová, Kateřina (referee) ; Dolista, Josef (referee)
Thesis: The main contribution of D. Orem's self-care theory is that, using adequate methods, it leads the nurses to respect patients' own conception of self-care. Key words: Patient - nurse relationships, Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, D. E. Orem, human actions, respect for autonomy, NANDA taxonomy, non-compliance, responsibility. This dissertation thesis deals with the issues of a relationship between a patient and a healthcare worker, or more precisely a nurse, all from the point of view of patient self-care in the sense of deliberate action that is conducted by the patient for the purpose of sustaining their health and realizing their life plans. Ethical aspects of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory consist in the approach to a person that emphasizes the human nature of a human being that develops within the community - among other people, that becomes unique and that cares about their own being. Self-care deficit nursing theory is compared to NANDA taxonomy II with respect to a patient's autonomy. Both approaches to nursing care are studied from the point of view of their assumptions, theoretical basis, the diagnostic process, communication, personal competence of nurses and the aims of health care. Attention is also paid to the situations when a patient is not willing to take part in the...
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Lifestyle as a social determinant of health (an attempt to operationalize one social relationship)
Ivanová, Kateřina ; Duffková, Jana (advisor) ; Šimek, Eduard (referee)
V současné západní společnosti jsou lidé stále více nuceni čelit životním rizikům1 a vyvíjet strategie, jak se jim vyhnout nebo jak oslabit jejich dopady. Na zdravotní rizika se v rámci těchto strategií zaměřuje mimořádná pozornost, která se tak stává konglomerátem vědění a diskurzů, praxe a institucí. 2 Tento jev reflektují všechny humanitní obory, jiné je ale jejich stanovisko: Někteří filosofové a sociologové (např. Illich, Foucault, Lupton, Parusníková, Komárek, Capra aj.) se domnívají, že v současné "rizikové společnosti" zdraví získalo téměř prorockou dimenzi. Být zdravý rovná se být normální, morální a odpovědný, civilizovaný a úspěšný, silný a atraktivní. Pěstování nezdravých aktivit je definováno protikladně - být nezdravý znamená být stigmatizován a sociálně diskvalifikován, být barbarský a ošklivý. Zdraví jako osobní odpovědnost se podle nich stává břemenem, vnuceným pomocí medicinalizace a medikalizace3 každému člověku. To vše ovlivňuje, ba determinuje životní styl některých sociálních skupin. Výsledkem je, jak uvádějí, že pravidla a principy zdraví se stávají extrémně internalizované a jsou zvnitřněny jako naše "svobodné volby". Helsismus se pokouší snížit zdravotní rizika na minimum a vtrhává do každého koutu života jedinců. Současně je zdraví prezentováno jako něco, co můžeme mít pod...
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