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Recycling of wastewater from meat industry
Píža, Jan ; Horňák, David (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The motivation of this work is to provide the reader with an insight into the issue of wastewater recycling, with a closer focus on wastewater from the meat industry. The thesis discusses the issue of wastewater in the Czech Republic, including legislation and obligations of polluters, statistics of meat production and consumption in the Czech Republic, which gives the readers an idea of the state of wastewater. The main part of the work is devoted to wastewater recycling and purification. Conventional methods of wastewater treatment are thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, the thesis examines conducted studies of wastewater treatment, which combine the aforementioned conventional methods, including their major advantages and disadvantages. The final section is dedicated to the conceptual draft of a recycling line for selected wastewater based on the discussed studies. The draft combines electrocoagulation, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis, which, according to conducted studies, appear to be a way of wastewater recycling with high potential.
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EPC project for the wastewater management of a dairy plant
Holubka, Oleksandr ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Horňák, David (advisor)
The dairy industry is one of the sectors producing high amounts of wastewater with significant levels of pollution. Typically, this water is discharged into the sewage system after preliminary treatment. However, it is now possible to recycle a large portion of this wastewater, and, as a result, reduce the operating costs. This work focuses on designing an appropriate water recycling technology to reduce operating costs and subsequently preparing the basic documents for the implementation of an EPC project for the selected design. Based on conducted research, reverse osmosis was chosen as a suitable process for wastewater treatment. Operational and investment costs were calculated for membrane technologies using reverse osmosis, based on which the profitability of the proposed design was determined. Furthermore, a process flow diagram and a piping & instrumentation diagram were created, risk management was conducted, and a project timeline was developed. Future work could focus on a specific industrial operation, allowing for the acquisition of real data and more precise economic evaluation.
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Dry ice blasting for surface cleaning
Horňák, David ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis deals with dry ice blasting, which belongs to modern and effective surface cleaning methods. The websites of various manufactures clearly state that this method is utilized in many industries, but there is a low number of research articles dealing with this cleaning method. The amount of literature that covers the usage of this method in certain industries is also insufficient. For this purpose, systematic overview of dry ice blasting applications in industry is presented based on thorough review of literature. The technology of dry ice blasting including dry ice blasting machine and its individual equipment is also closely introduced. The thesis also includes the characteristic case study of high energy and economic intensity of this process. This study states that 94 % of cleaning expenses is linked with consumption of dry ice. The effective dry ice management is necessary from the economic point of view. Suggested saving measures follow on from these facts. These measures are: • process automation • custom applications • compressor optimization • replacement of compressed air with different form of energy Implementation of these saving measures can help greater extension of dry ice blasting in industrial practise.
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Winery wastewater treatment
Horňák, David ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
Wastewater management is a current topic for wineries, as wastewater treatment accounts for a large part of operating costs. Currently, technologies based on biological processes are mostly used to treat wastewater from wineries. However, these have a number of drawbacks, such as higher investment and operating costs, a large footprint or the requirement for the necessary technical knowledge of the operators. This paper deals with the selection of an economically less demanding technology for the treatment of winery wastewater and the experimental assessment of its efficiency with respect to the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Photo-Fenton oxidation was selected based on a thorough literature search. The Box-Behnken design was used to design of the experiment. Based on the experiment, the optimum operating conditions were found to be temperature 25 °C, pH 3, Fe2+ ion amount 20,2 mg/l, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio 64 and reaction time 3 h. The achievable COD removal efficiency is 11,8 %, which is not consistent with the values reported in the literature. The main reason for the low efficiency could be the insufficient intensity of the UV radiation used. Further research could build on the optimal conditions found and address the shortcomings of this experiment.
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Waste heat recovery from an industrial laundry dryer
Kyzlinková, Gabriela ; Horňák, David (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Každým dnem slýcháme o problémech spojených s cenami energií, které neustále rostou a o neudržitelnosti neobnovitelných zdrojů se snahou využít každý joule energie, který máme k dispozici. Tyto problémy se pojí s využitím odpadního tepla, což je hlavním motivem této bakalářské práce. V ideální situaci by bylo možné využití veškerého tepla, které z procesů volně uniká bez dalšího zužitkování. Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá prádelenským procesem, a to zejména využitím odpadního tepla z průmyslových sušičů prádla. Teplo ve spalinách v sušičích se nevyužívá a hlavním důvodem je výskyt textilního otěru z prádla, což způsobuje riziko zanešení systému pro využití odpadního tepla. Práce posuzuje možný přínos využití tohoto odpadního tepla. Pozornost bude věnována výpočtu odpadního tepla z několika sušičů z prádelenského průmyslu a stejně tak porovnání ekonomického zhodnocení. V této studii bylo zjištěno, že při využití tohoto odpadního tepla můžeme dosáhnout až 89 kW tepelného výkonu. Rekuperované teplo může být využito k ohřevu vodu, což by vedlo ke snížení provozních nákladů. Zvolen byl plášťový a trubkový výměník, kde by v případě denního čištění došlo ke snížení textilního otěru. Výsledky této práce mohou být aplikovány do nejrůznějších průmyslových prádelen.
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Winery wastewater treatment
Horňák, David ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
Wastewater management is a current topic for wineries, as wastewater treatment accounts for a large part of operating costs. Currently, technologies based on biological processes are mostly used to treat wastewater from wineries. However, these have a number of drawbacks, such as higher investment and operating costs, a large footprint or the requirement for the necessary technical knowledge of the operators. This paper deals with the selection of an economically less demanding technology for the treatment of winery wastewater and the experimental assessment of its efficiency with respect to the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Photo-Fenton oxidation was selected based on a thorough literature search. The Box-Behnken design was used to design of the experiment. Based on the experiment, the optimum operating conditions were found to be temperature 25 °C, pH 3, Fe2+ ion amount 20,2 mg/l, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio 64 and reaction time 3 h. The achievable COD removal efficiency is 11,8 %, which is not consistent with the values reported in the literature. The main reason for the low efficiency could be the insufficient intensity of the UV radiation used. Further research could build on the optimal conditions found and address the shortcomings of this experiment.
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Dry ice blasting for surface cleaning
Horňák, David ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis deals with dry ice blasting, which belongs to modern and effective surface cleaning methods. The websites of various manufactures clearly state that this method is utilized in many industries, but there is a low number of research articles dealing with this cleaning method. The amount of literature that covers the usage of this method in certain industries is also insufficient. For this purpose, systematic overview of dry ice blasting applications in industry is presented based on thorough review of literature. The technology of dry ice blasting including dry ice blasting machine and its individual equipment is also closely introduced. The thesis also includes the characteristic case study of high energy and economic intensity of this process. This study states that 94 % of cleaning expenses is linked with consumption of dry ice. The effective dry ice management is necessary from the economic point of view. Suggested saving measures follow on from these facts. These measures are: • process automation • custom applications • compressor optimization • replacement of compressed air with different form of energy Implementation of these saving measures can help greater extension of dry ice blasting in industrial practise.
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