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The issue of high-risk micronutrients, specifically calcium, vitamin D, and zinc in children on vegan and vegetarian diets
Březinová, Barbora ; Heniková, Marina (advisor) ; Selinger, Eliška (referee)
Veganism and vegetarianism are among the dietary trends with increasing popularity. As one of the diets that excludes a certain food group, the risk of deficiencies of certain nutrients in the diet needs to be addressed. For children, these deficiencies may be even more risky. This thesis focuses on selected potentially risky nutrients whose levels have been investigated in the paediatric population. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to assess whether there are differences in blood levels of zinc, calcium and vitamin D between vegetarians, vegans and omnivores. A secondary aim was then also to compile recommendations for parents in the form of an educational leaflet with information on dietary information for vegetarianism and veganism with regard to zinc, calcium and vitamin D. Methodology: The data used in this thesis were collected as part of the first phase of the KOMPAS study. Whole families eating a homogeneous diet, either vegan, vegetarian or omnivorous participated in the study. For the purpose of this thesis, laboratory blood tests, submitted diets, data on age, weight, height and supplementation used were used. A total of 130 children aged 6 months to 12 years were processed. These children were divided into 4 age groups according to diet type, gender and age, and the levels of the...
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Mapping the nutritional quality of plant based meat alternatives on the Czech market
Dusová, Magdalena ; Selinger, Eliška (advisor) ; Heniková, Marina (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The main objective: The goal of the thesis is to evaluate the nutritional quality of selected plant-based meat alternatives available on the Czech market, including the evaluation of the degree of their fortification with nutrients that may be deficient in people with a plant- based diet. A summary table containing basic data, nutritional values, and the composition of the individual examined products will be completed. Methods: A total of 225 plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) offered in several selected online stores in the Czech Republic were included in the study. PBMAs of the 1st or 2nd generation - those that mimic meat and meat products with their properties - were included. Data were collected in a summary table in Microsoft Excel. Basic data, scoring systems, nutritional data, protein-providing ingredients, raw materials, additives, and fortifying ingredients were collected. PBMAs were divided into categories according to the imitated meat product. The data were collected between December 2023 and April 2024 and were subsequently evaluated in the R programming language. Results: The set of investigated meat alternatives is not a homogeneous group in terms of nutritional values. The energy value and the amount of sugar are the only nutritional values, whose amounts do not differ with...
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Iodine literacy of pregnant women
Kazdová, Kateřina ; Selinger, Eliška (advisor) ; Heniková, Marina (referee)
This work deals with the iodine literacy of pregnant women, which means the knowledge of these women about the role of iodine in their diet. Iodine is an element whose intake is essential to produce thyroid hormones. Its deficiency has an adverse effect on the health of vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women and their children. This deficit is a problem in our country and increasing iodine literacy could help reduce it. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to verify whether there is a relationship between the iodine literacy of pregnant women and the frequency of inclusion of foods containing iodine in their diet. Another goal is also to find a connection between the level of this literacy and the level of information of women and to find out from which sources women most often draw information. The work also includes an analysis of the use of dietary supplements and their composition. 95 women participated in the research. All of them received a questionnaire in which they answered questions about not only iodine literacy itself, but also information about nutrition, the way they eat, nutritional supplements and other topics. The frequency of consumption of certain foods was also analyzed. Half of these women visited outpatient clinics for both physiological and high-risk pregnancies of the...
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Nutritional deficiences in vegan endurance athletes
Knížková, Šárka ; Heniková, Marina (advisor) ; Koudelková, Kateřina (referee)
Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether vegan endurance athletes, specifically runners, experience nutritional deficiencies due to a purely plant-based diet. Partial goals were set to evaluate whether these athletes have sufficient energy intake and receive adequate macronutrients and risky micronutrients. Methods: The research was conducted as a pilot study for the extensive European project VEGANScreener. Based on the completed questionnaire and meeting the criteria, 11 participants (n = 11) were selected. The subjects underwent body composition analysis using bioimpedance, their resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, and blood was taken. The subjects then performed a 4-day food record (self-reported 4-day Dietary Record), which was analysed using new software. The complete dietary record was analysed for only eight subjects (n = 8). Nutritional data were analysed using the left-sided Mann- Whitney U test, which belongs to the group of non-parametric tests. The test was conducted at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The average BMI of the subjects was 20.87 ± 1.58 kg/m2. Two subjects (n = 2) had a lower body fat percentage than is adequate. The biochemical blood test results indicated a possible vitamin D and iron deficiency. When comparing actual energy...
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Parents of vegan children and adolescents awareness about the main principles and risks of vegan diet
Šenkýřová, Hana ; Selingerová, Eliška (advisor) ; Heniková, Marina (referee)
Veganism is a way of life based on the effort to eliminate or reduce as much as possible any form of exploitation and abuse perpetrated on animals for human needs. From a dietary point of view, we use the term veganism to exclude all foods of animal origin from the diet. Plant-based diets bring indisputable health benefits, but there may also be certain risks that need to be avoided. In recent years, interest in this lifestyle has increased and we are increasingly encountering it among children, even the youngest, who are particularly prone to health problems resulting from dietary errors. This work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part contains information about the diet during pregnancy and lactation, in childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, attention is paid to veganism, especially from a nutritional point of view. The possible risks of plant diets in children and the recommendations and attitudes of health organizations are presented. The main goal of the practical part of the work was to map what awareness of the mentioned risks and recommendations parents of vegan-eating children and adolescents have and whether they also follow the recommendations in practice. I was also interested in whether and how communication on this topic between parents and...
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Resting energy expenditure and nutritional intake in patients with pancreatic cancer before elective pancreatectomy
Heniková, Marina ; Gojda, Jan (advisor) ; Urbánek, Miroslav (referee)
Aims: The aim of this work was to determine whether a increased resting energy expenditure contributes to the nutritional risk for patients with pancreatic cancer. What the variability of resting energy expenditure is and whether it predicts weight loss. Another aim was to verify that lower protein-energy intake also has an impact on weight loss. Methods: Data for the diploma thesis were obtained from the project "Pancreatic Cancer: Metabolic Derangements Associated With Insulin Resistance", which takes place at the Department of Clinical Physiology of Metabolism at 2nd Department of internal medicine in the University Hospital Královské Vinohrady. The project includes 40 - 50 patients with pancreatic tumor resection per year. Data were collected from the beginning of December 2019 until the end of April 2020. The project is funded by the grant AZV NV19-01-00101. 10 consecutive patients (4 women and 6 men) with pancreatic cancer who had a complete dataset for analysis were selected for the research set for the diploma thesis. The patients underwent anthropometric examination, blood tests were taken, and indirect calorimetry was performed. Results: The first part of the research was focused on anthropometric parameters, parameters of nutritional status and the presence of cancer cachexia. The second...
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Nutrition for children suffering from coeliac disease
Heniková, Marina ; Nevoral, Jiří (advisor) ; Bronský, Jiří (referee)
Coeliac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease caused by gluten occurring in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinical manifestations of coeliac disease have changed over past decades. It became more diverse and begins later. Children with common gastrointestinal symptoms are on decline while children with uncommon extraintestinal symptoms are on the rise. The high sensitivity and specificity of coeliac- specific antibodies in a group of pediatric patients with disease manifestation allowed diagnosis without biopsy. The currently used treatment for coeliac disease is lifelong strict gluten-free diet. The aim of the work was to determine the current state of knowledge of coeliac disease in children, available diagnostical methods, and treatment of coeliac disease. Furthermore, my goal was to inform about the issue of gluten-free diet, the legislation, state support, contributions of health insurers, the range and availability of gluten-free foods, their financial demands and the function of patient organizations. The aim of the practical part of my work was to find out which circumstances triggered the initial coeliac disease diagnosis in children and to inform about the problems associated with maintaining a gluten-free diet in families with children suffering from coeliac disease. The select...
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