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Důvěryhodnost rodilých a nerodilých mluvčích angličtiny podle nerodilých posluchačů
Hanzlíková, Dagmar ; Skarnitzl, Radek (advisor) ; Šturm, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of foreign accent on credibility of non- native speakers of English. The study was inspired by Lev-Ari and Keysar (2010), who observed that native speakers of English are less likely to believe non-native speakers. In our research we used the same set of statements and similar settings of the experiment to find out whether foreign accent will have the same negative effect on credibility of non- native speakers as perceived by non-native listeners. 6 native speakers from Britain and the USA, and 6 non-native speakers recorded the set of trivia statements for the test and 45 non-native listeners rated on a scale whether they thought the statement they hear is true or not. The results were analysed from multiple points of view such as the influence of accent on credibility, the influence of gender on credibility, and we have also analysed the individual speakers and items in the test to see if the results could be influenced by the behaviour of one individual speaker or an item. The results of the experiment revealed that foreign accent has a negative effect on the credibility of non-native speakers as perceived by non-native listeners. Czech respondents rated British accent of English to be the most credible, while people who spoke with a foreign...
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Perceptual evaluation of rhythmic features in Czech English
Hanzlíková, Dagmar ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of changes in speech rhythm on the perception of personality traits which are detectable in speech. The theoretical part is concerned with the description of some important theories in the field of psychology of personality, then with summarizing research done in the effects of foreign-accented speech on perception, and finally with presenting the issue of speech rhythm with a focus on representative studies of speech rhythm and its effect on speech perception. In an independently designed experiment, the changes in speech rhythm were created by manipulating the durational patterns and pitch contours. Subsequently a perceptual test was prepared. Twenty subjects were asked to evaluate individual speech samples and rate to what extent they would characterize the speaker by the given personality trait. The results from the perceptual tests were analyzed from multiple points of view: the effects of the manipulations on the perception in general, and then in relation to the nationality of the speaker (native vs. non-native speaker), to the personality trait in question, and in relation to the individual speakers and items. The results showed some tendencies for example in perception of honesty in relation to durational patterns, or in perception of...
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Cryptosporidial and microsporidial infection on the pig farms, in the Czech Republic
HANZLÍKOVÁ, Dagmar
The cryptosporidia and microsporidia are worldwide spread opportunistic parasites. With regard to their wide host spectra and zoonotic potential there is a significant risk for immunocompromised humans, especially AIDS patients. Natural Cryptosporidium infections in pigs are widespread but generally apathogenic. A total of 411 faecal samples, 39 of sows, 127 of pre-weaned, 122 of post-weaned piglets and 123 of pre-growers from three farms were screened for Cryptosporidium spp. infection using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method and positive molecular characterized (direct sequencing of partial SSU rRNA partial genes and PCR-RFLP at the SSU rRNA). Overall, infections were detected in 84 out of 411 animals (20 %), with highest infection rates among post-weaners (27 %). All positive samples were genotyped based on SSU rRNA sequence analysis. C. suis, Cryptosporidium pig genotype II, and C. muris were detected. The microsporidial infections are very frequent in breeds of pigs. Pigs have been frequently reported to be infected with E. bieneusi. Spores were detected in 258 samples of 342 (75 %). The high prevalence was determined in pre-growers (86 %). Genotyping based on the ITS regions of the rRNA gene identified that most pigs were infected with the species-specific genotype F, while two animals had the zoonotic genotype D and two had genotype Peru 9.
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