|
|
Impact of nanomaterials on mesenchymal stem cells and tissue regeneration
Echalar, Barbora ; Holáň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie (referee) ; Buchtová, Marcela (referee)
Nanomaterials (NMs) are widely used in medicine for their antimicrobial properties. They are part of antibacterial coatings, creams, pharmaceutical vehicles or additives in drugs and other medical products. However, the impact of NMs on human organism is still not completely established. Nanoparticles (NPs) penetrate the cell membrane and enter to intracellular compartments including the nuclei. Different types of NPs could have various side effects on cell functions. These side effects include the damage of stem cells (SCs) or immune cells lead to slower regeneration and impaired wound healing. Therefore, the simultaneous application of NPs during SC therapy could decrease the therapeutic abilities of SCs. One type of SCs tested in clinical therapies nowadays are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, we studied the impact of metal NPs (i.e. silver, copper oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) on characteristics and functional properties of mouse MSCs. Additionally, the effect of NPs on the expression of phenotypic markers, metabolic activity, differentiation potential, expression of genes for immunoregulatory molecules and on production of cytokines and growth factors was analyzed. We found that all types of tested NPs had a negative impact on the activity of MSCs and thus could alter tissue...
|
|
|
Maternal immune response to HY antigen and its consequences for offspring
Bystrá, Veronika ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Echalar, Barbora (referee)
H-Y antigens are specifically male histocompatibility antigens, that are presented in the human body by glycoproteins HLA-A2, HLA-B7 and HLA-B8. If they reach the body of women (by transplantation or transfer trough the placenta from a male fetus etc.), they can provoke an alloimmune reaction. In its first half, this thesis introduces the concept of alloimmunity, describes male histocompatibility antigens and their molecular nature, and the related modulation of the maternal immune system. In the main part, the thesis focuses on the effect of H-Y antigens on offspring. Studies have shown that it is the maternal immune response to H-Y antigens during pregnancy that could cause premature births, reduced birth weight, secondary miscarriages and consequently changes in the secondary sex ratio. Various hypotheses also attribute to these antigens to the contribution to the development of homosexuality in men. A common precondition for all observed phenomena is that the mother has already encountered male cells in the past, which, when contacted repeatedly, provoked a disproportionate maternal immune response.
|
|
|
The effect of opioids on immunoregulatory and migratory properties of mesenchymal stem cells.
Echalar, Barbora ; Zajícová, Alena (advisor) ; Funda, David (referee)
Opioids are one of the oldest analgesics used to relieve pain. Besides their therapeutic properties, they also have negative side effects, which include impaired tissue regeneration. Therefore, it can be assumed that opioids also have a negative effect on stem cells which are responsible for tissue healing. One of stem cell populations involved in wound regeneration are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are undifferentiated, multipotent cells that could be find in almost all tissues. They have immunoregulatory properties and they can migrate to the site of inflammation or injury where they contribute to healing of tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of morphine and methadone on properties and migration of MSCs. Their effect on the metabolic activity of MSCs and also on the production of cytokines and growth factors was measured. The effect of these opioids on the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs acting on both innate and adaptive immune cells in vitro was studied. The effect of morphine on expression of adhesive molecules on MSCs was also examined. Furthermore, the effect of morphine on migration properties of systemically administered exogenous MSCs in vivo was investigated in mouse models. Distribution of MSCs to individual organs and to the site of...
|
guest ::
