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Preparation of fusion domains of human immunoreceptors for their utilization in immunotherapy
Cmunt, Denis ; Vaněk, Ondřej (advisor) ; Moserová, Michaela (referee)
The functions of the immune system include immunosurveillance of transformed cells, i.e., the ability to eliminate these cells before they become harmful to the organism. If the transformed cells succeed to escape the immune system surveillance, an oncological disease develops. The tumour immunotherapy aims to stimulate the immune system mechanisms to fight against the tumour. Lately, there's an interest in using NK cells in the immunotherapy of tumours. These cells appertain to the innate immune system and participate in immunosurveillance. When an NK cell encounters a target cell, its activation depends on the integration of signals from the surface activating and inhibiting receptors which bind ligands on the surface of the target cell. Upon activation, NK cell exhibits a cytotoxic response against the target cell. The use of NK cells in immunotherapy includes, among others, the testing of bispecific fusion proteins which can bind a tumour surface antigen by one part and NK cell activating receptor by the other part. Thus, these fusion proteins mediate a contact between both cells and trigger the cytotoxic response. This work presents a preparation of bispecific fusion proteins which consist of an activating ligand MICA (for the receptor NKG2D) or B7H6 (for the receptor NKp30), and a nanobody...
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The role of potassium transporters in programmed cell death of yeasts
Cmunt, Denis ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Bořek Dohalská, Lucie (referee)
The role of potassium transporters in programmed cell death of yeasts Abstract The programmed cell death was originally connected only to ontogenesis of metazoan. It was later shown that it plays an important role in physiological processes too. An insufficiency or an increased rate of the programmed cell death lead to many pathologies. The term apoptosis was taken as synonym for the term programmed cell death but it designates one of its types. Other types of the programmed cell death are not explored so far as apoptosis. The original classification was based on morphological features, however, there is an approach to distinguish them based on biochemical features. The programmed cell death was found in plants too, where its roles are similar to roles in metazoan and, surprisingly, it occurs in unicellular organisms. The prokaryotic mechanism is different but many common features with metazoan apoptosis exist in unicellular eukaryotes. Nevertheless, certain differences led to use of the term "apoptosis-like programmed cell death". One of the most studied unicellular eukaryotes is a yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There was found a range of metazoan homologues proteins and thus it can be used as a model organism to deepen our knowledge on metazoan apoptosis and to understand the occurrence of such a...
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