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Interactions of mouse pinworms and trichomonads
Choutková, Jana ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Langrová, Iva (referee)
Oxyurid nematodes Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata are both common mouse intestinal parasites; in the same location several species of trichomonads occur. Tritrichomonas muris is the most often found, but there are also some others: Tritrichomonas minuta, Pentatrichomonas hominis or Hexamastix muris. It is known that, under some circumstances, trichomonads can be found in the intestine of mouse pinworms, as reported by Theiler and Farber (1936) for T. muris in A. tetraptera and S. obvelata. What is interesting, trichomonads were found also in pinworms from trichomonad-negative mice. In 1933, Becker observed motile trophozoites of T. muris in the egg of S. obvelata. These observations offer a chance that the protist may be transmitted to a new host in similar manner (via pinworm eggs) as it was described for Histomonas meleagridis. In our study we document trichomonads in pinworm bodies, determine species of trichomonads, search for their localization, morphology and, based on the data, assess possibility of trichomonad transmission to a new mammalian host via pinworm eggs. By use of classical histology, in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy, we observed trichomonads exclusively in the intestinal lumen of both pinworm species. They were found in the entire pinworm...
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The role of nematodes in transmission of parasitic protozoans to a new host
Choutková, Jana ; Bulantová, Jana (referee) ; Horák, Petr (advisor)
A question of transmission to new hosts is fundamental for all parasitic organisms. Some parasites are adjusted to transmit themselves to new hosts by direct way thanks to the resistant life stage, some others use one or more intermediate hosts. An extreme case is transfer by parasitization of another parasite from the same host. Use of another parasite as a transport vehicle helps to realize transmission and this phenomenon can be termed. One example is the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis. This protozoan lives in the intestine of galliform birds where it can attack the roundworm, Heterakis gallinarum, another parasite of the bird intestine. This protozoan, which does not produce any resistant cyst stage in its life cycle and migrates into the roundworm eggs. After release of the eggs to the external environment, the egg provides a protection against external factors and ensures transfer of the protozoan to the new host. Some data suggests that a similar mode of transmission to new hosts can also be used by some others protozoans. One of them is a protozoan from human intestine, Dientamoeba fragilis. Enterobius vermicularis, a pinworm which parasitizes the same host, could serve as a vector of this protozoan. Another potential example of this phenomenon could be Tritrichomonas muris from mouse in...
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