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Variability of the MTNR1B Melatonin Receptor Gene in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Chocholová, Denisa ; Vejražková, Daniela (advisor) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee)
The human MTNR1B gene has been identified as a candidate gene associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a rapidly spreading disease characterised by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The strongest association with impaired glucose metabolism shows a single nucleotide polymorphism of this gene rs10830963. MTNR1B encodes the melatonin receptor 1B found in a variety of tissues, including human pancreatic beta cells. It is involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, especially affecting fasting glycemia and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Its ligand, the hormone melatonin, inhibits insulin production from the pancreatic beta cells, which contributes to hyperglycemia. Melatonin controls the regulation of circadian rhythm. In carriers of the minor G allele, the secretion of melatonin shifts towards a delayed rise in the evening and a slower decline in the morning. If these individuals are forced, for example by working hours, to have early breakfakt, late dinner or they have to eat at night due to night-time shifts, the concurrence of high melatonin levels and food intake significantly increases their risk of glucose tolerance disorders. This bachelor thesis presents the latest findings explaining disorders of glucose melabolism in connection with the variability of...
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