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Neurological effects of endocrine disruptors
Ondráčková, Simona ; Brožka, Hana (advisor) ; Vítků, Jana (referee)
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Mechanisms of comorbidity of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
Tauchman, Martin ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Brožka, Hana (referee)
In Czechia, number of people with neurodegenerative diseases is in the hundreds of thousands, and the lifetime health care costs and social impact of each patient's disease reach hundreds of thousands of euros, but these costs could be reduced by early and effective intervention. Its correct implementation could be helped by knowledge of causal links between neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, whose prevalence is correlated in the population. One of the important factors is an increased pro-inflammatory immune response. In people with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic inflammation evolves into neuroinflammation, which subsequently leads to neurodegeneration. Another mechanism is hyperglycaemia, which is a consequence of insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia lead to impaired expression of glucose transporters and insulin-degrading enzyme, resulting in reduced clearance of amyloid beta. Genetic background is also recognized as a highly influential factor, affecting various mechanisms in both beneficial and harmful ways. Lifestyle is also an important factor. In general, smoking and alcohol consumption are harmful to health. Both increased consumption of alcoholic beverages and smoking tobacco products can lead to metabolic disorders as well as neurodegeneration. On the...
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The effect of the molecular weight of poly(I:C) on the development and behavior of offspring in the maternal immune activation model
Cmarková, Nathalie ; Brožka, Hana (advisor) ; Petrásek, Tomáš (referee)
Maternal inflammation during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of the development of psychiatric disorders in offspring, especially schizophrenia and autism. Prenatal treatment with poly(I:C), a viral mimetic, is a widely used model of maternal immune activation leading to developmental and behavioral alterations in offspring. However, results of studies are inconsistent possibly due to the differences in the molecular weight of used poly(I:C). In this thesis, the effect of different molecular weights of poly(I:C) was assessed. Pregnant Wistar rat females were treated by either high molecular weight (HMW) or low molecular weight (LMW) poly(I:C) on gestational day 14 to assess developmental and behavioral deficits relevant to schizophrenia and autism in offspring on postnatal day 12 and at three months. Prenatal exposition to the HMW poly(I:C) led to significantly reduced social behavior in the Homing test and a trend towards reduced USV vocalization in pups. The LMW pups showed significantly impaired negative geotaxis. In adulthood, the HMW and LMW offspring both exhibited significant social deficits and reduced anxiety. Anxiety was reduced mainly in the LMW group. This thesis revealed differences in behavioral outcomes between prenatal exposition to HMW and LMW poly(I:C). These...
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Hippocampus Dysfunction in Quinpirole Sensitization Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Brožka, Hana ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee) ; Kelemen, Eduard (referee)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric condition manifested by repeated thoughts followed by stereotypic compulsive behavior. Alterations to cortico-thalamo-striato- cortical circuits are most often implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, many studies have also found a changed volume, shape and activity of the hippocampus in OCD patients. This work focused on the activity of hippocampal CA1 cells during stereotypical checking behavior and on cognitive flexibility in a quinpirole (QNP) sensitization model of OCD. The activity of CA1 hippocampal cells during stereotypical checking was assessed in an enriched open-field test in QNP sensitized rats. Arc+ (activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein, or Arg 3.1) mRNA expression profiles were determined in CA1 coronal hippocampal sections following stereotypical checking. After the establishment of stereotypical checking (10 sessions), rats were exposed to the arena and sacrificed after 5 minutes. QNP sensitized animals visited the same objects with the same frequency as during previous sessions, while control rats did not. Locomotor activity was comparable between QNP treated rats and controls. Following sacrifice, rat brains were flash frozen and sliced to 20 µm thick sections. Sections, mounted on slides, were hybridized...
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Hippocampus Dysfunction in Quinpirole Sensitization Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Brožka, Hana
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric condition manifested by repeated thoughts followed by stereotypic compulsive behavior. Alterations to cortico-thalamo-striato- cortical circuits are most often implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, many studies have also found a changed volume, shape and activity of the hippocampus in OCD patients. This work focused on the activity of hippocampal CA1 cells during stereotypical checking behavior and on cognitive flexibility in a quinpirole (QNP) sensitization model of OCD. The activity of CA1 hippocampal cells during stereotypical checking was assessed in an enriched open-field test in QNP sensitized rats. Arc+ (activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein, or Arg 3.1) mRNA expression profiles were determined in CA1 coronal hippocampal sections following stereotypical checking. After the establishment of stereotypical checking (10 sessions), rats were exposed to the arena and sacrificed after 5 minutes. QNP sensitized animals visited the same objects with the same frequency as during previous sessions, while control rats did not. Locomotor activity was comparable between QNP treated rats and controls. Following sacrifice, rat brains were flash frozen and sliced to 20 µm thick sections. Sections, mounted on slides, were hybridized...
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Hippocampus Dysfunction in Quinpirole Sensitization Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Brožka, Hana ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee) ; Kelemen, Eduard (referee)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric condition manifested by repeated thoughts followed by stereotypic compulsive behavior. Alterations to cortico-thalamo-striato- cortical circuits are most often implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD. However, many studies have also found a changed volume, shape and activity of the hippocampus in OCD patients. This work focused on the activity of hippocampal CA1 cells during stereotypical checking behavior and on cognitive flexibility in a quinpirole (QNP) sensitization model of OCD. The activity of CA1 hippocampal cells during stereotypical checking was assessed in an enriched open-field test in QNP sensitized rats. Arc+ (activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein, or Arg 3.1) mRNA expression profiles were determined in CA1 coronal hippocampal sections following stereotypical checking. After the establishment of stereotypical checking (10 sessions), rats were exposed to the arena and sacrificed after 5 minutes. QNP sensitized animals visited the same objects with the same frequency as during previous sessions, while control rats did not. Locomotor activity was comparable between QNP treated rats and controls. Following sacrifice, rat brains were flash frozen and sliced to 20 µm thick sections. Sections, mounted on slides, were hybridized...
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Medial parts of neocortex and behavior
Malenínská, Kristýna ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Brožka, Hana (referee)
Neocortex forms an important and the most developed part of the mammalian brain. Its medial part consists of parts, which also include cortex of cingulate gyrus and its subregions. These subregions also contain anterior cingulate cortex and retrosplenial cortex, whose role in brain functions and diseases will be introduced more closely. We know only very little about a brain and is functioning and that's why it is constantly being researched. We separate the anterior cingulate cortex into two parts based on their functions- the cognitive (dorsal part) and the emotional (ventral part). They differ in functions and also in the connections with other parts. One of its layers contains a special type of neuronal cells- spindle cells. The most researched part in brain functioning is error detection, conflict monitoring, registration of pain and it also includes functions in motor skills and emotions. Moreover, we can find functional and anatomical changes there, which are connected to brain diseases- schizophrenia, cingulate epilepsy or akinetic mutism. The retrosplenial cortex occupies dorsal part of cingulate cortex. Architecturally, it is characterized with its distribution to granular and agranular part. Functionally, it can be classified to paths which modulate and process emotions, it has an...
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