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The phenomenon El Niňo-Southern Oscillation and its possible manifestations on precipitation and temperature patterns in Europe
Benešová, Zuzana ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This thesis deals with the climatic phenomenon El Niňo, Southern Oscillation and its possible manifestations to rainfall and temperature conditions in Europe. This work is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the ways in which you can define El Niňo, explaining basic terms related to El Niňo and brief definitions of these terms. The second part is to answer basic questions about the development of El Niňo, its consequences, its past and future, as well as its predictability. The third and final section deals with the general manifestations of El Niňo, how ENSO affects the weather of midlatitudes and what are the core regions of influence. Furthermore, it is described how ENSO is affecting tropical Pacific. There are also described ENSO manifestations on long distances and eventually possible manifestations in Europe.
ENSO affects weather on almost the entire planet. Exploring long-distance manifestations of ENSO is very important, especially to be able to forecast warm phase of ENSO (El Niňo) and cold phase (La Niňa). With the use of these phenomena we can determine the prognosis of the occurrence of wet or dry weather. Thanks to the predictions of these phenomena we can prevent their negative impacts on ecosystems and on people's lives.
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The causes of desertification in Africa
Nesrovnal, Evžen ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This bachelor thesis follows the causes, consequences and future impacts of climate change and desertification in Africa and globally. The work is focused on the Convention itself which deals with combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought, especially in developing countries and the related Joint Africa-EU strategy and priority measures. The thesis also deals with the issue of enlargement of deserts and provides a comprehensive overview of areas prone to desertification on all continents. It pays attention to adaptation and mitigation measures at the global level, but also on the African continent and simultaneously due to desertification on agriculture and food security. The last part of the research is a case study of the Sahel which is part of Africa between the 12th and 20th parallel of the northern latitude. It describes the characteristics of the landscape, desertification and possible solutions, eg. appropriate farming practices and habits of the population which is very important to change for development of this highly affected area. Abundant drought in this region had occurred in the 70s, mid-80s and again in the early the 90s of the 20th century, in Sudan since the 70s of the 20th century, each year annual rainfall is reducing. Results based on analysis of historical observations indicate the presence of at least three particularly sensitive regions called the climate "hotspots" - places with the most apparent climate change (rainfall decrease in the dry season is almost one hundred percent).
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The influence of the temperature on the phenology of tomato
Kolaříková, Dagmar ; Türkott, Luboš (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This dissertation discusses the impact of temperature on the phenology of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum). The aim of this work is to offer a complete overview of tomato growing in temperate zone conditions, describe the phenology of the plant, and define the physiological demands regarding temperature in each phase of the plants growth. Then, use this information during field experiment and analyse the dynamics of initiation of each phenological phase in relation to temperature. Tomato plant is a fruit vegetable, even though in some countries, it is classified rather as a fruit. It is a thermophilic perennial plant which due to its specific temperature requirements is grown as annual plant in temperate regions. Many varieties are classified as so-called F1 hybrids, in which the hybrid effect is profitable particularly due to earlier and higher yields and better resistance to diseases. Phenology studies the rate of plant growth in each development stage (so-called phenological phases) in relation to weather and climate. The development of tomato plant goes through the following phenological phases: germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, inflorescence emergence, flowering, development of fruit, ripening of fruit (seed), and senescence; and these phases each have specific temperature requirements.
The experiment itself was undertaken at two field locations: in Prague 6 Suchdol and in Mochov. The plants used in the experiment were LSL hybrid varieties of Palava F1 tomato and Thomas F1 tomato, which were treated in a standard way throughout all stages of vegetation. During the vegetation period, their growth characteristics such as specific phases of growth and their representation in the planted area were determined. The amount of dry biomass and the leaf area index (LAI) of selected specimens were examined. The results were analysed and put into graphs and tables.
After analysis of all acquired data, it was confirmed that tomato plant has specific environmental requirements in each phase of growth. These requirements then also vary depending on the plant variety. In general, it can be said that from all climatic factors, tomato is most sensitive to air temperature. Air temperature outside the planted area was higher than air temperature within the planted area. In the case of both varieties, phases of growth stagnated especially when temperature changed dramatically, reaching over the tropical 30°C or decreasing significantly. At the course of vegetation, the LAI value grew but during the heatwave and subsequent temperature drop, the leaf area was damaged and the LAI decreased at both locations. Each variety reacted differently depending on its adaptability to higher temperatures.
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The development of thermophilic vegetables grown in the Czech Republic in relation to climate
Zechovská, Andrea ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This Master's thesis deals with the yield and quality parameters of thermophilic vegetables according to the risk occurrences of extreme weather events in the Czech Republic. This thesis is also focused on the impact of climate change and extreme weather events on development of vegetable crops, and possible cultivation of thermophilic vegetables outside of typical growing areas.
The major part of vegetable production is affected by agro-climate, biological, technical and economic aspects. The main tasks of this study are follows: (i) to combine daily meteorological variables with annual yield datasets, (ii) to provide basic statistical analysis of yield of thermophilic vegetables and weather events, and (iii) to identify days with heat stress (both the spring frost and tropical days) during the growing cycle of thermophilic vegetables for the period from 2005 to 2015.
This thesis also contains detailed research of phenological phases of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) during each farming year and impact of different weather extreme events on plant development and yield. Results based on the analysis of historical meteorological observations and descriptive statistics of yield parameters indicate that the positive factors are higher temperatures, optimal rainfall in combination with irrigation and higher intensity of global solar radiation. Conversely, frosts days during planting and increased intensity of rainfall in all phenological phases are detected as negative factors.
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