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Biotic and abiotic components of soil in plant-soil feedback of invasive and native plant species
Drtinová, Lucie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is a mechanism which may contribute to the success of invasive plant species. Which of the soil components have the greatest impact on PSF? In a two-phase experiment, I observed changes in germination and growth of plants in reaction to intraspecific plant cultivation: selected plant species were grown in substrate consisting of cultivated or uncultivated soil, containing different composition and amounts of soil biota. The effect of changes in abiotic and biotic components of the soil was then assessed and compared among pairs of closely related invasive and native plant species. The main observed phenomenon was species-specificity of plant responses to changed soil conditions. The cultivation-induced changes in soil composition affected germination and biomass of the test plants positively, negatively, or were neutral, their effect differed between tested species - some of the observed species were more affected by changes in abiotic properties of the soil, some reacted to changes in soil biota composition. Nevertheless, the composition of soil biota affected germination and biomass of plants even regardless of cultivation: the presence of all biotic components of the soil had negative effect on biomass - with growing representation and amount of pathogens, fungi, micro-...
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The role of biotic interactions in plant invasions
Štajerová, Kateřina ; Pyšek, Petr (advisor) ; Prach, Karel (referee) ; Richardson, David M. (referee)
- ABSTRACT - The loss of co-adapted and gain of novel biotic interactions during the invasion process influence the success or failure of introduced plants. Within the present thesis, I studied diverse biotic interactions, specifically the relationships between plants and their herbivores, pollinators, fungi, and resident plant communities, and how biotic interactions can be utilized in planning effective science-based management. With my collaborators, we combined the community and biogeographical approach with the reciprocal transcontinental comparison between Eurasia and North America, based on primary data collected in the field. Of numerous hypotheses for the striking success of invasive plants, the enemy release hypothesis (ERH) is one of the most frequently tested. It asserts that the greater performance of introduced plants in non-native ranges is due to the absence, or decrease, in regulation by natural enemies that are left behind in the native range. Our results, in a broad sense, supported ERH, but we found that the magnitude of herbivore damage is context-dependent, related to the feeding guild and origin of both herbivores and plant species and that the increased plant performance in a new range might also be related to other factors, such as the shift in plant competition. Of animal-plant...
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Effect of plant-soil feedback on plant invasiveness
Knobová, Pavlína ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Understanding the causes of biological invasions is a key topic of ecological research in the last decades. Invasive plant species threaten communities, ecosystems and humans in many different ways. Therefore, it is important to determine what characteristics enable them to become invasive. In this work, I summarize the possible causes and consequences of plant invasions focusing on one possible mechanism - the plant-soil feedback. This feedback can support or suppress the growth of plants. Most species have negative feedback, but some invasive plants have positive feedback. And that could be the cause of their invasiveness. This work summarizes the findings of the plant-soil feedback, the methods to study the feedback and especially the importance of plant-soil feedback for plant invasiveness.
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Intraspecific plant-soil feedback as a mechanism underlying invasiveness of neophytes of the Czech Republic
Knobová, Pavlína ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Intraspecific plant-soil feedback is a relationship in which plant affects the composition of the soil and such modified soil affects growth of the same plant species. This relationship and its intensity may be linked with plant dominance and invasiveness. Dominant species can alter the composition of the soil in their favor and thus show positive intraspecific plant-soil feedback. As the invasive species are commonly being dominant in their new environment, it can be expected that intraspecific positive plant-soil feedback could be an important factor allowing the invasive species to achieve their dominant position and become invasive. To test if the existence of positive intraspecific feedback could be a general mechanism underlying plant invasiveness I compared intraspecific plant-soil feedback in a group of invasive and introduced, but non-invasive, plants in the Czech Republic. I did this using a preselected set of 34 species - 17 invasive and 17 non-invasive. For realization of the project I used the method of two-phase experiment. The first phase is called soil conditioning - influencing of soil by the plant. In the second phase the same plant species are planted in conditioned soil from the first phase and in control (unconditioned) soil. Then I compared plant biomass from conditioned and...
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Biotic and abiotic components of soil in plant-soil feedback of invasive and native plant species
Drtinová, Lucie ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is a mechanism which may contribute to the success of invasive plant species. Which of the soil components have the greatest impact on PSF? In a two-phase experiment, I observed changes in germination and growth of plants in reaction to intraspecific plant cultivation: selected plant species were grown in substrate consisting of cultivated or uncultivated soil, containing different composition and amounts of soil biota. The effect of changes in abiotic and biotic components of the soil was then assessed and compared among pairs of closely related invasive and native plant species. The main observed phenomenon was species-specificity of plant responses to changed soil conditions. The cultivation-induced changes in soil composition affected germination and biomass of the test plants positively, negatively, or were neutral, their effect differed between tested species - some of the observed species were more affected by changes in abiotic properties of the soil, some reacted to changes in soil biota composition. Nevertheless, the composition of soil biota affected germination and biomass of plants even regardless of cultivation: the presence of all biotic components of the soil had negative effect on biomass - with growing representation and amount of pathogens, fungi, micro-...
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Intraspecific plant-soil feedback as a mechanism underlying invasiveness of neophytes of the Czech Republic
Knobová, Pavlína ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Intraspecific plant-soil feedback is a relationship in which plant affects the composition of the soil and such modified soil affects growth of the same plant species. This relationship and its intensity may be linked with plant dominance and invasiveness. Dominant species can alter the composition of the soil in their favor and thus show positive intraspecific plant-soil feedback. As the invasive species are commonly being dominant in their new environment, it can be expected that intraspecific positive plant-soil feedback could be an important factor allowing the invasive species to achieve their dominant position and become invasive. To test if the existence of positive intraspecific feedback could be a general mechanism underlying plant invasiveness I compared intraspecific plant-soil feedback in a group of invasive and introduced, but non-invasive, plants in the Czech Republic. I did this using a preselected set of 34 species - 17 invasive and 17 non-invasive. For realization of the project I used the method of two-phase experiment. The first phase is called soil conditioning - influencing of soil by the plant. In the second phase the same plant species are planted in conditioned soil from the first phase and in control (unconditioned) soil. Then I compared plant biomass from conditioned and...
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Effect of plant invasions on arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis
Cihlářová, Lucie ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
People have been travelling for centuries, together with accompanying animals and plants from their fatherlands. This transfer can be either conscious or accidental. In both cases, the introduced species enter new interactions with local organisms which can lead even to a change of functioning of whole ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is one of the most important and widespread symbiotic relationships of vascular plants and soil fungi, known from approximately 80 % terrestrial plant families. The symbiosis han an irreplaceable role for host plants in uptake of mineral nutrients. An introduction of invasive plants to non-native biotopes can have a significant influence on the fragile balance between the symbionts, which can subsequently influence whole ecosystem. This Bachelor's thesis is focused on the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, the characteristic of plant invasions and its influence on AM fungi in invaded areas.
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Effect of plant-soil feedback on plant invasiveness
Knobová, Pavlína ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
Understanding the causes of biological invasions is a key topic of ecological research in the last decades. Invasive plant species threaten communities, ecosystems and humans in many different ways. Therefore, it is important to determine what characteristics enable them to become invasive. In this work, I summarize the possible causes and consequences of plant invasions focusing on one possible mechanism - the plant-soil feedback. This feedback can support or suppress the growth of plants. Most species have negative feedback, but some invasive plants have positive feedback. And that could be the cause of their invasiveness. This work summarizes the findings of the plant-soil feedback, the methods to study the feedback and especially the importance of plant-soil feedback for plant invasiveness.
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