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Spray Cooling at High Temperatures
Chabičovský, Martin ; Čarnogurská, Mária (referee) ; Hajduk, Daniel (referee) ; Raudenský, Miroslav (advisor)
Spray cooling of hot surfaces is used in the metallurgical industry during continuous casting, hot rolling or heat treatment. The water is sprayed on the cooled surface by the nozzle which transforms the water stream to droplets. The spray cooling of hot surfaces can be characterized as forced convection with the presence of the boiling. This physically complicated process is influenced by many factors, such as impurities and contaminants in the water, water temperature, water flow rate, droplet size, droplet impact velocity, surface temperature, surface roughness or the presence of oxides (scales) on the cooled surface. The dominant factor that affects the heat transfer during the spray cooling is the water impingement density. Other factors have a smaller but also significant effect. This doctoral thesis deals with the influence of the water temperature, surface roughness and the presence of oxides on the intensity of the spray cooling. These factors are investigated by laboratory experiments in which the hot steel surface is spray cooled. Effect of the oxide layer is also investigated by the numerical simulation. The experimental results are theoretically explained and generalized using mathematical methods.
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Advanced Inverse Heat Conduction Methods
Komínek, Jan ; Čarnogurská, Mária (referee) ; Hajduk,, Daniel (referee) ; Raudenský, Miroslav (advisor)
Numerical simulations of thermal processes are based on known geometry, material properties, initial and boundaries conditions. The massive use of these simulations in the metallurgical industry (for example for simulation of heat treatment of steel) is limited by the knowledge of precise boundary conditions, which are not easy to determine in compare to other input parameters. Empirical formulas are not sufficiently accurate for most non-trivial processes. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the boundary conditions by experimental way. Boundary conditions can not be measured directly. The boundary conditions are determined by solving inverse heat conduction problem based on the measured temperature records. This doctoral thesis focuses on two types of the inverse heat conduction problems, which are poorly solved by existing methods. The first type are tasks that contains sharp increase/decrease in the values of the boundary conditions. Two new approaches are proposed and compared in this thesis for this type of tasks. The second type are tasks with non-stationary and non-homogeneous cooling. Three new methods were developed for this case. They are applied for the case of water cooling of vertical aluminum sample. The base characteristics of the current task is inhomogeneous cooling. One part of the surface is cooled intensively by flowing water in contrast to the other part of surface which is cooled only with low intensity since it is protected from direct contact with water by the vapor layer (Leidenfrost effect). The positions of these two part of surface are not stationary (they change during the experiment). The newly developed methods are compared to each other.
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Optimization of Slab Concasting Via Numerical Model of Temperature Field
Mauder, Tomáš ; Čarnogurská, Mária (referee) ; Pyszko, René (referee) ; Raudenský, Miroslav (referee) ; Kavička, František (advisor)
The thesis deals with optimization of the continuous slab casting process. The thesis summarizes the basic analytical and empirical findings concerning to the solidification process, the numerical modeling and the selected optimization techniques. Physical conditions and factors that affect the quality of steel including their relationships are also described. The basis of the solution strategy is the original numerical model of the temperature field in its off-line version. The numerical model was verified by the real historical data. The optimization part is based on the fuzzy logic implemented above the numerical model. The optimization algorithm is used for the optimal control of the casting process. The universal usage of the optimization model is demonstrated on several cases, e.g. the finding of optimal casting parameters that ensure the high quality of products, the optimal reactions on breakdown situations, the determination of an optimal relationship between casting parameters, etc. Based on optimization results, the suitable caster modification to increase the surface temperature at the unbending point was proposed. The whole concept of the numerical and optimization model is general and it can be applied to arbitrary slab or billet continuous casting.
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Advanced Inverse Heat Conduction Methods
Komínek, Jan ; Čarnogurská, Mária (referee) ; Hajduk,, Daniel (referee) ; Raudenský, Miroslav (advisor)
Numerical simulations of thermal processes are based on known geometry, material properties, initial and boundaries conditions. The massive use of these simulations in the metallurgical industry (for example for simulation of heat treatment of steel) is limited by the knowledge of precise boundary conditions, which are not easy to determine in compare to other input parameters. Empirical formulas are not sufficiently accurate for most non-trivial processes. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the boundary conditions by experimental way. Boundary conditions can not be measured directly. The boundary conditions are determined by solving inverse heat conduction problem based on the measured temperature records. This doctoral thesis focuses on two types of the inverse heat conduction problems, which are poorly solved by existing methods. The first type are tasks that contains sharp increase/decrease in the values of the boundary conditions. Two new approaches are proposed and compared in this thesis for this type of tasks. The second type are tasks with non-stationary and non-homogeneous cooling. Three new methods were developed for this case. They are applied for the case of water cooling of vertical aluminum sample. The base characteristics of the current task is inhomogeneous cooling. One part of the surface is cooled intensively by flowing water in contrast to the other part of surface which is cooled only with low intensity since it is protected from direct contact with water by the vapor layer (Leidenfrost effect). The positions of these two part of surface are not stationary (they change during the experiment). The newly developed methods are compared to each other.
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Spray Cooling at High Temperatures
Chabičovský, Martin ; Čarnogurská, Mária (referee) ; Hajduk, Daniel (referee) ; Raudenský, Miroslav (advisor)
Spray cooling of hot surfaces is used in the metallurgical industry during continuous casting, hot rolling or heat treatment. The water is sprayed on the cooled surface by the nozzle which transforms the water stream to droplets. The spray cooling of hot surfaces can be characterized as forced convection with the presence of the boiling. This physically complicated process is influenced by many factors, such as impurities and contaminants in the water, water temperature, water flow rate, droplet size, droplet impact velocity, surface temperature, surface roughness or the presence of oxides (scales) on the cooled surface. The dominant factor that affects the heat transfer during the spray cooling is the water impingement density. Other factors have a smaller but also significant effect. This doctoral thesis deals with the influence of the water temperature, surface roughness and the presence of oxides on the intensity of the spray cooling. These factors are investigated by laboratory experiments in which the hot steel surface is spray cooled. Effect of the oxide layer is also investigated by the numerical simulation. The experimental results are theoretically explained and generalized using mathematical methods.
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Optimization of Slab Concasting Via Numerical Model of Temperature Field
Mauder, Tomáš ; Čarnogurská, Mária (referee) ; Pyszko, René (referee) ; Raudenský, Miroslav (referee) ; Kavička, František (advisor)
The thesis deals with optimization of the continuous slab casting process. The thesis summarizes the basic analytical and empirical findings concerning to the solidification process, the numerical modeling and the selected optimization techniques. Physical conditions and factors that affect the quality of steel including their relationships are also described. The basis of the solution strategy is the original numerical model of the temperature field in its off-line version. The numerical model was verified by the real historical data. The optimization part is based on the fuzzy logic implemented above the numerical model. The optimization algorithm is used for the optimal control of the casting process. The universal usage of the optimization model is demonstrated on several cases, e.g. the finding of optimal casting parameters that ensure the high quality of products, the optimal reactions on breakdown situations, the determination of an optimal relationship between casting parameters, etc. Based on optimization results, the suitable caster modification to increase the surface temperature at the unbending point was proposed. The whole concept of the numerical and optimization model is general and it can be applied to arbitrary slab or billet continuous casting.
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