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Rašín's currency reform
Křiváček, Tomáš ; Kuklík, Jan (referee) ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor)
- 94 - Rašín's monetary reform This diploma thesis is dealing with the Czechoslovak monetary reform performed in March 1919 whose originator was the first finance minister Alois Rašín. After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary at the end of WWI new-formed Czechoslovakia assumed a heritage in form of totally depreciated currency. The Austro- Hungarian Bank as the central bank of monarchy financed the war through war loan to the state. The central bank de facto became a money printer and the result was galloping inflation. The Aim of monetary reform was mainly to separate the currency from the original Austro-Hungarian currency and create a new own one, eliminate inflation money and appreciate the new currency. The longer-range aim of reform was to connect the Czechoslovak currency with gold, thus to establish the gold standard currency. All preparations for reform passed absolutely secretly. The law about monetary reform was adopted during the secret session of Revolutionary National Assembly on February 25th, 1919. Even that night from February 25th to 26th, the state boundary was enclosed and all communication with foreign countries was interrupted to prevent inflow of Austro-Hungarian money from neighbouring countries. The separation of the currency was executed by stamping of banknotes. The stamping was...
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Organization of judiciary and the legal regulation of procedure in the Renewed Constitution
Berdárová, Jitka ; Adamová, Karolina (referee) ; Malý, Karel (advisor)
Resumé Renewed Provincial Constitution from the year 1627 is legal document, codification of provincial law, issued as a result of the White Mountain overthrow of uprising. This fact determinated considerably his character. Triumphal Emperor Ferdinand II. confirmed in it above all his position, the main purpose of the revision of the provincial law was the strengthening of the ruler's power. Fundamental and substantial changes brought Renewed Provincial Constitution especially in all areas of state, constitutional law and in political relations. The aim of ruler was to enhance his own position. As an absolutistic ruler became the sole holder of all state autority. The object of this work was mainly organization of justice and procedural law, because Renewed Provincial Costitution regulated not only the constitutional issues, but also codified provincial (nobility) law. Regarding the judiciary, it is necessary to distinguish the organization of the courts under the judicial system configuration and operation of the courts alone. In the first case, we can see some continuity with the previous establishment, continued to maintain the principle of personality. Organization of courts kept its previous character, courts have stayed divided according pertinence to the separated social groups. Disputes of the...
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Legal regulation of black market prosecution in ČSR
Malý, Petr ; Adamová, Karolina (referee) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee)
Resumé The notion of the black market is most often used as a general expression for various types of offences which are mainly committed in the time of political instability of the state and its economy and a lot of negative consequences are connected with this situation. War conflicts and huge economical crises could be considered as very typical originators of breakthrough moments. After their appearance there is very often a violation of the state economics and economic system as a whole. And by influence of the factors described earlier there are many consequences like the production is being successively limited, the distribution is being endangered or the obstruction of moving the goods to its final consumer comes into consideration. Therefore the population loses its trouble free access for commodities and products which are necessary for satisfying their needs. In a reaction of incurred deficit the individual customers are capable to pay higher prices for goods which are not worth it and which would normally have distinctively lower value. Such artificially increased demand can in a very short period of time influence very intensively the offer in the market which then repeatedly reacts by constant raising up the price till the point when the demanded price crosses the commonly demanded one. Higher...
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