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The Influence of Lobbyist Groups on the Quality of Legislation
Vybíralová, Jana ; Mrklas, Ladislav (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The diploma thesis "The influence of lobbyist groups on the quality of legislation" deals with processes which take place in the environment of the Czech lobbyist community. The paper works on the assumption that lobbyist groups are a relevant part of public life which has a considerable influence over the advancement of particular interests, and which can be considered a legitimate part of a parliamentary democracy. The paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is dedicated to the theoretical embedding of lobbying, while the second one deals with the Czech legislative process. The core of the thesis consists of selected case studies which analyse the strategy, position and argumentation fund of concerned participants. The final chapter reflects hitherto efforts to regulate lobbying.
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Thresholds of Representation
Ezechiášová, Monika ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šedo, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with electoral thresholds of the fundamental electoral formulae, in particular, six proportional techniques and four plurality systems are analyzed. First, the general formulae for the theoretical thresholds are derived at both the district and nationwide levels. Second, the thesis focuses on Actual Thresholds, mainly on the question of their operational definition and academic relevance. Both the theoretical parts of the thesis concerned with the theoretical and actual thresholds are supported with an analysis of particular electoral systems. In the case of the theoretical threshold the analysed systems are those, which currently applies for the upper house of Parliament and for the municipal elections of the Czech Republic. The third analysed case is the electoral system used for the municipal elections of the Slovak Republic. In the case of empirical thresholds, the final chapter seeks to compare current and original electoral systems for the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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What explains the divergence between Scottish and English electoral behaviour?
Zichová, Jitka ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The objective of my thesis was to explain the specifity of the Scottish electoral behaviour in the context of UK General elections as well as its development under the process of the devolution and consequently in the newly established Scottish parliament elections. Firstly, I described the development of the Scottish electoral behaviour on the basis of the time and geographical horizons pointing out the increasing regional differences within the UK. Pursuant to the detailed analysis of the electoral divergence of the Scottish behaviour , I infer that its particularity consists in the existence of the different political values in Scottish society which became even more salient in the period of the Conservative government from 1979 to 1997. This development in the Scottish society hence made the successive Labour government accept the Scottish claim for devolution which lead to the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and the first devolved election held on 6 May 1999 Next, I discussed the impact of the process of devolution on the Scottish electorate. Scottish voters demonstrated that they tend to distinguish their vote in the two different polls. The divergence of the electoral performance of the Scottish electorate in the devolved Scottish elections has been undoubtedly amplified by the operation of...
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The influence of electoral systems on party systems. Comparison of Polish, Slovak, German and Austrian Case.
Nemeth, Marek ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Lebeda, Tomáš (referee)
The author is interested in electoral and political system in Poland, Slovakia, Germany and Austria. At the beginning he rises two basic questions which he would like to answer - Which electoral method is similar to contemporary electoral systems in chosen countries in a result? And how would be changed political-party- system, i f there were another electoral methods? In the General the author offers a detailed look at the analysis of the types of electoral systems, franchise and party systems. This General part is assumption for the Special part which is focused on an research. In the fourth Chapter the author describes electoral systems in Poland, Slovakia, Germany and Austria and in the fifth Chapter he describes party system in those chosen countries. The own research starts in the sixth chapter. The author analyses the results of the last election in Poland (2005), Slovakia (2006), Germany (2005) and Austria (2006) by index of deformation, index Loosemore - Hanby, and index of aggregation. In the next Chapters author analyses parliamentary electoral results in four countries, then he follows new electoral methods (D'Hondt, Imperiáli, Saint Laguě, Hare, Hagenbach-Bischoff) on those results in Poland (2005), Slovakia (2006), Germany (2005) and Austria (2006). In the last Chapter author resumes the...
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Switzerland-EU Bilateral Agreements: Factual Integration ?
Jahůdka, Marek ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
The relationship between the European Union and Switzerland constitutes one of the most interesting phenomenons in Europe. Both entities have closely cooperated e.g. in the field of economy, culture or education but there have been just few formal agreements which would regulate this cooperation till the recent time. Bilateral agreements I and II between the EU and Switzerland, which were negotiated at the turn of the century, therefore represent a "small revolution" for both contracting parties and a new quality in their relationship. They regulate the most important common fields of interest, mainly at the area of mutual trade. But the main question remains: do these negotiations and agreements create a solid basis for a further integration of Switzerland into the EU or do they contrariwise constitute a status quo which will not be changed for a longer period of time? The search for this answer is not an easy one. The EU would be surely interested in an accession of Switzerland but it is quite obvious that there is not so much enthusiasm on the Swiss side. The skepticism towards a deeper integration into the EU is spread mainly among electors and it has been proved in several plebiscites on this theme. The accession is backed approximately by 30 percent of voters and there is no canton with a majority of...
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Cooperation of Political Parties in the European Level and its Developtment
Šimák, Vladislav ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Sokol, Petr (referee)
The European political parties and cooperation of national parties in the parliamentary groups in the European Parliament are very important aspect of the European Union. Here is list of them: One of the most successful organizations is the European People's Party. This party has long tradition of collaboration between conservative, liberal and Christian democratic parties. She is the only the only one party, which allows individual membership. Thought they have inner disputes about the finalité of the EU, they keep their enthusiasm towards the united Europe. The Party of European Socialist is the second biggest in the European Parliament. They are slightly less cohesive about the future of the EU, but since approval of their basic program in the year of 1992 they are more capable of acting due to remove of the national veto. They have organized "Network Europe", organization of party activists, which helps to bring the PES closer to citizens. The European Liberal Democratic and Reform Party is also party with long tradition. This party has included both parts of liberal scene - social as well as free market liberals. They have joint parliamentary group with the European Democratic Party. Another party in the EP is the European green party. They are little special due to their origin. They want more direct...
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The minority Governments in the Czech republic in period 1996-2002
Štefek, Jiří ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Between 1996 - 2002, the Czech Republic had experienced governance of three minority govemements. From the very beginning, all of them had to deal with a complex set of problems involving not only their forming but also their day-to-day business . Tha unusual feature of their constitution meant also new challenge to the legislation process; minority cabinets have to rely on less than half of the members of the Chamber of Deputies in the Parliament of the Czech Republic to push through their legislative proposals. The thesis begins with a brief theoretical intrdouction where I define and classify the concept of minority governments, impact and significance of political opposition in the democratic systém and also the consitutional order of the Czech Republic including the electoral system. The focus of the second part is on an detailed analysis of all three Czech minority govemements involving complicated process of their forming, aspects of their cooperation with oppostion parties, their relationships with the Parliament and the Head of State. A special attention is devoted to the impact they had on the overall political and economical situation in the Czech Republic. Finally, I evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of minority govememts as a solution for post-election situations concluding that that...
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The analysis of elections to the Chamber of deputies of the Czech republic between 1996 and 2002 by aggregate data method
Reimer, Petr ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
2002 were accompanied by a gradual decrease of voter turnout, decrease in the number of parties that exceed the five-percent threshold and by a decrease in regional variability of party support. In that period we could also distinguish a substantial regional dissimilarity of support between left-wing and right-wing parties. According to the following analysis we could explain those differences by various socioeconomic parameters of electoral districts. The most specific electorate among all parliamentary parties could be indentified with the Christian Democrats, whose support is regionally based and positively correlated with the regional rate of religiosity. The analysis of aggregate data allows us to explain the relation between party support and regional characteristics of electoral districts but does not permit explanation of the motives of individual voting behavior. Those conclusions could be made on the basis of public opinion research. This analysis is in general in accordance with the findings of research agencies, concerning the role of economic parameters as the main explanation factors of party support. Nevertheless, the relevance of this statement still remains to be grounded on a longer series of election data. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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