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Influence of Oxygen Partial Pressure in the Combustion Atmosphere on the Efficiency, Emissions, and Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Fluidized Bed Incineration of Corn Straw
Durda, Tomáš ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Šyc, Michal ; Svoboda, Karel ; Kameníková, Petra ; Jeremiáš, Michal ; Punčochář, Miroslav
This experimental study is focused on the corn straw incineration in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor. The aim of this study is to compare the influence of oxygen partial pressure in the combustion atmosphere (air, oxygen-enriched air, pure oxygen ‒ oxy-fuel process) on the efficiency of the combustion process, the emissions of undesirable pollutants (CO, NOx, SO2, N2O, and dust) and distribution of heavy metals between individual output streams (bed ash, cyclone ash, and fly ash). The efficiency of the combustion process is compared on the basis of chemical unburned carbon (concentration of CO in the exhaust gas) and mechanical unburned particles (content of carbon in the solid form).
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22014091514571 - PDF
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Thermodynamic Interferences of HCl and HF in Producer Gas Desulfurization by Ce, La, Mn and Zn Based Solid Sorbents
Hartman, Miloslav ; Svoboda, Karel ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Šyc, Michal ; Jeremiáš, Michal ; Huang, Ch.-Y.
In our thermodynamic theoretical study we concentrated our attention on thermodynamics of gas-solid desulfurization reactions (H2S, COS, thiophene), properties of sorbents (melting point evaporation), attainable equilibrium sulfur compounds concentrations in gas at temperature 500 – 1100 K (227-827 oC) under conditions typical for producer gas composition. Similarly removal of HCl and HF by Ce, La, Zn, Mn and Ni oxides based sorbents is described and possible interferences in simultaneous sorption of HCl or HF with H2S are analyzed. Suitable conditions and sorbents are suggested for deep removal of sulfur compounds in presence of HCl. Conditions for efficient preliminary removal of HCl and HF by alkali-based sorbents (NaHCO3, K2CO3, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3) are suggested and possible interferences caused by H2S are analyzed in terms of attainable equilibrium concentrations of HCl and HF in presence of H2S. Properties of La and Ce-based sorbents for sulfur compounds are compared with Zn, Mn and Ni based sorbents in terms of efficiency and interferences caused by presence of hydrogen-halides (HCl, HF).
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22014082908320 - PDF
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Combined Production of Electric Power and Heat via High Temperature Fuel Cells with Solid Electrolyte, Combined Production of Electric Power and Heat via High Temperature Fuel Cells with Solid Electrolyte
Pohořelý, Michael ; Svoboda, Karel ; Skoblia, S. ; Jeremiáš, Michal ; Šyc, Michal ; Kameníková, Petra ; Parschová, H. ; Cabáková, G. ; Šustr, V. ; Durda, Tomáš ; Beňo, Z. ; Punčochář, Miroslav
The aim of this paper is to introduce readers (listeners) to the basics of gasification process, high temperature fuel cells with solid electrolyte and particularly with the problems of high-temperature gas cleaning system of the producer gas from gasification of woody and agricultural biomass and/or alternative fuels (e.g. refuse derived fuel) to the level needed for its use in combined production of heat and electric power in high-temperature fuel cells with solid electrolyte (SOFC).
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22014033115070 - PDF
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Gasification of Ligno-Cellulosic Biomass in a Fluidized Bed of Sand and a Mixture of Sand with Dolomitic Limestone
Pohořelý, Michael ; Jeremiáš, Michal ; Beňo, Z. ; Skoblia, S. ; Kameníková, Petra ; Cabáková, G. ; Barger, A. ; Durda, Tomáš ; Šyc, Michal ; Punčochář, Miroslav ; Svoboda, Karel
The paper focuses on the assessment of using ligno-cellulosic biomass in a fluidized bed gasifier, available within a distance of 50 km, in units with capacity approximately 3 MWe. The main objective of the experiments was to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of inert bed material (sand) with a material catalytically active (dolomitic limestone) on the composition and purity of produced gas and the input fuel energy conversion into the energy chemically bound in the producer gas.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013041513460 - PDF
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Properties of Coal on Process Gasification in the Fluidized Bed Reactor
Durda, Tomáš ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Jeremiáš, Michal ; Skoblia, S. ; Beňo, Z. ; Janda, V. ; Šyc, Michal ; Punčochář, Miroslav ; Svoboda, Karel
Fuel is gasified by thermochemical conversion into producer gas using an appropriate medium at high temperature in a gasification generator. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability (reactivity) of selected types of coal in several fluid generators under the well defined conditions. Producer gas obtained by coal gasification was compared, especially, in terms of calorific value and yield of gas, cold gas efficiency, the yield of major and minor components of gas, tar yield and conversion fixed carbon into the generator gas.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22012112316120 - PDF
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Concentration of HCl, HF and Sulfur Compounds in Fuel Gas from Fluidized Bed Gasification of Coals and Wood by Steam-Oxygen Mixtures
Svoboda, Karel ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Jeremiáš, Michal ; Kameníková, Petra ; Skoblia, S. ; Beňo, Z. ; Šyc, Michal
We have concentrated in our study on FB gasification of two kinds of coals differing in reactivity, ash content and composition and hard wood at temperature 850 oC. Our attention was particularly devoted to speciation of sulfur compounds, presence of HCl, HF and tar compounds in fuel gas. Silica sand and mixture of silica sand with gradually added dolomite was used as basic particulate bed material in FB gasification. The results have shown that presence of dolomite particles in the fluidized bed and presence of dolomite dust reduces concentrations of all sulfur species, but the reduction of thiophene concentration is more pronounced. Presence of dolomite in FB causes substantial decrease of HCl concentration and moderate decrease of HF concentration in fuel gas. Accumulation of char and ash with active calcium based components leads to moderate reduction of HCl and sulfur compounds concentration in fuel gas.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22012102413551 - PDF
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