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Monitoring of multiple pregnancy by using biochemical markers in the early stages of pregnancy - II.
Janouchová, Lenka ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Bc. Janouchová Lenka Monitoring of multiple pregnancy by using biochemical markers in the early stages of pregnancy - II. Diploma thesis Charles university in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Specialist in Laboratory Methods The diploma thesis objective is to work out an algorithm enabling multiple pregnancy detection using first-trimester with pregnancy associated plasmatic protein A (PAPP-A) biochemical marker in the blood serum of expectant mother pregnant with one foetus or twin foeti. Detected PAPP-A markers value and free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (free β hCG) are converted into MoM values, adjusted to body masses of expectant mothers and subsequently entered into graphs where shifts in values between single and twin pregnancies are visible. After testing a couple of empirical procedures an algorithm was found by means of which 83,78% of multiple pregnancy can be proved in the monitored group. When algorithm was set for MoM values of PAPP-A marker there were found no false positive results in the group of women with 1 foetus. Key words: multiple pregnancy, with pregnancy associated plasmatic protein A (PAPP-A), free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (free β hCG)
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The role of the gut microbiome in immune-mediated CNS disorders
Zedníková, Barbora ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Barbora Zedníková Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Title of diploma thesis: The role of the gut microbiome in immune-mediated CNS disorders Human body hosts a large number of microorganisms - i.e. Archea, Eukarya, Bacteria and viruses. These microorganisms form microbiome, the total number of the microorganisms is ten times higher than the number of all human cells. Largest part of the microbiome is located in the intestine. The current development of molecular genetics revealed the close relationship between intestinal microbiome and health. Recent studies the most recent studies have pointed to a connection with the pathogenesis of various diseases. This dissertation is focused on the connection between intestinal microbiome and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. Research shows that the key factor are the ongoing changes in the composition of microbiome. These changes lead to increased immune stimulation and thereby to inflammatory proliferation.
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Sleep disorders - resistant forms
Koláčková, Pavla ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Pavla Koláčková Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Semecký, CSc. Name of dissertation: Sleep disorders - resistant forms The diploma thesis is about sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are a global problem, lots of people have these problems. This diploma thesis focuses on American International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) and its application in clinical practice. We have chosen methods that describe the current conditions of patients who have been in sleep clinics. The thesis contains questionnaires, relevant case study and personal interviews. The main contribution of this diploma thesis is a subjective assessment of patients' treatment including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. The results of this thesis include statistics of patients who are visiting psychiatric clinic in Centre of disorders of sleep and biorhythm in University Hospital in Hradec Králové and of their case studies of which we have selected the most interesting ones that describe this problem best. In this thesis we have found out that the statistical distribution of patients is different in comparison with epidemiology studies. The results are influenced by sleeping disorders treated in a sleep...
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Cytopathological diagnostics cervico - vaginal disease
Bartoňová, Simona ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumors in the Czech Republic in women older than 35 years. Created on the basis of pathological changes of epithelial cells or so called precancer, manifested no symptoms. Timely is, they can only be detected by specialized colposcopy, cytology and biopsy examinations. In advanced cancer, are present typical symptoms: lower abdominal pain, bleeding after sexual intercourse or vaginal discharge. The main cause of this disease is an infection caused by high - risk types of human papilomaviruses. These viruses have the ability and persistence occur in 90 % of cases detected. Diagnosis of cancer of the cervix must be comprehensively evaluated the results of a Pap test, biopsy examination and positive HPV typing. The thesis deals with cytological examination called Pap test, cervical smears and their microscopic diagnosis to distinguish the early stages. Alteration of the cells was evaluated according to the classification of Bethesda 2014. Further deals with immunohistochemical examination of cervical biopsies, which makes it easier to demonstrate the type of dysplasia. Reactions demonstrating the positivity of p16 was performed on sections, previously described immunohistochemical procedure. The aim was to identify patients over 30 years of samples taken in...
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Molecular mechanisms of the sensitivity of tumor cells to an inbibitor of protein kinase Src dasatinib
Žáková, Petra ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Signal transmission is an efficient mechanism that allows fast and specific response of eukaryotic cells to small changes in the extracellular and intracellular information. Many cascade of protein kinases in signaling pathways are deregulated in human diseases and represent a valuable target for their therapy. This work has been devoted to inhibit Src kinase activity after application of dasatinib on melanoma cells in cell culture. Dasatinib is multikinase inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases, and with high efficiency inhibits Src and other members of this family of kinases. Dasatinib is already in use as anticancer drug in some tumors, while another is in late stage clinical trials. Results showed mainly the effect of Src inhibition on two main signaling pathways important for survival and proliferation of melanoma cells, MAPK and AKT. In the literature it is not known many links MAPK and Src at melamomu, but recently has been reported that the Src inhibiting translocation of ERK1 / 2 in the core, thereby accelerating the proliferation of melanoma cells.
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New methods for selecting the best embryos for transfer to increase pregnancy success in IVF
Hejhalová, Lucie ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Abstract:This paper presents the methods for selecting the best quality embryos with the greatest potential for successful implantation. Today, it is preferable to transfer one embryo and therefore selection methods are continually improving and we are looking for the most suitable parameters for selection. Embryo quality can be judged from many methods. The oldest and most widely used is the classic morphological rating. Another evaluation method is based on the metabolic activity of the embryo during the cultivation, the disadvantage of this method is the cost. Genetic testing as preimplantation genetic diagnosis and preimplantation genetic screening are also costly and invasive, therefore may damage the embryo and due to mosaicism, also is not 100% effective. Combining morphological and kinetic evaluation provides a non-invasive method of time-lapse monitoring. Embryos are assessed by morphological characters and also on the timing and synchrony cleavage. The aim of the study is to compare the statistical results of car Sanus Pardubice, if morphokinetic method (PrimoVision,Cryo-Innovation,Hungary) help improve the IVF results compared to the classic morphological method of assessing the quality of embryos for two years using the system. The unit is divided into 2 groups with and without PrimoVision and...
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The study of spermatic DNA fragmentation in infertile men
Popelková, Pavla ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The Bachelor thesis addresses published data about fragmentation of human sperm DNA. Overview of examination methods of sperm DNA integrity is also included. The practical part describes the implementation of method Halosperm - kit for the determination of the DNA fragmentation level in spermatozoa. 61 men with diagnosed idiopathic infertility were examined using this method. 30 % of patients who underwent the test were confirmed to have strong sperm DNA integrity damage. Pregnancy rate (PR) of couples in AR treatment with idiopathic infertility diagnosis was assessed in group with high DNA fragmentation index, where PR of 33 % was registered. In a group with intact DNA integrity, where causes of lowered fertilization ability remain undiscovered, PR equalled 19 %. The difference of PR in both groups is not statistically significant. For in vitro fertilization was recommended PICSI method. The basic prerequisite for successful reproduction is undamaged integrity of sperm DNA. The DNA integrity is relatively independent parameter of sperm quality evaluation and provides supplementary and diagnostic information, different from conventional semen analysis. Extensive studies focused on understanding mechanisms of repair damaged DNA have taken place for the past two decades. Development of new tests...
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Influencing the early phase of ischemic injury of rat myocardium selected flavonoids
Hruška, Petr ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Petr Hruška Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Semecký, CSc. Title of thesis: Influencing the early phase of ischemic injury of rat myocardium selected flavonoids Flavonoids are integral constituent of plants, to which are attributed many health beneficial biological activities. In this work we have studied possible cardioprotective effects of their two representatives, quercetin and rutin. The aim of this experiment was to record the effect of quercetin and rutin on influence of possible pathological changes of building components of myocardium. The substances were given to the rats for 7 days p.o. through intragastric tube. The model heart injury of a laboratory rat (adult male Wistar) was induced by one-time administration of isoprenaline (ISO) in both cases of studied substances. The changes caused by ISO have been observed for 24 hours. ISO hasn't been applied to the control groups in either of the experiments. The control group in the experiment with rutin was given sodium bicarbonate instead of rutin. In the groups that weren't pretreated with either quercetin or rutin, there was found similar histological picture after ISO administration. Compared to the control...
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Diagnostics of the enzymatic defects in patients with coeliac disease
Bartoňová, Simona ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Semecký, Vladimír (referee)
Celiac sprue is a chronic, lifelong disease characterized by permanent intolerance to gluten. Small intestinal mucosa of these patients shows typical inflammatory changes. These changes lead to reduced absorption of nutrients, minerals and vitamins that may result malabsorption syndrome. Diagnosis of celiac disease must be a comprehensive evaluation of the results of immunological testing of autoantibodies and microscopic evaluation of the intestinal mucosa state. The bachelor thesis deals with the histochemical examination of intestinal biopsies, which allows better distinguish malabsorption syndromes of different origin. The aim of the study was to determine incidence of celiac sprue and evaluate the completeness of remission in patients on a gluten - free diet in patients aged over 50 years in intestinal biopsies samples taken in 2013. Strict gluten - free diet leads to reparation of mucosa and brush border enzyme activity. Biopsies were snap frozen immediately after collection, to preserve the morphology of tissue and the brush border enzyme activity. Reactions, demonstrating the enzymatic activity of the lactase, trehalase and dipeptidylpeptidase IV, were exercided on sections by previously described histochemical methods. Alteration of relief was assessed by Marsh score. In 2013 was recieved...
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