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Theory of Optimum currency area and acceptance of Euro in Slovakia
Nguyen Trong Hung, Son ; Mach, Petr (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
The object of the work is theory of optimum currency areas. We can consider this theory as the main economic theory for analysis of European Monetary Union. I would like to use criteria of this theory to analyse the fact, if European Monetary Union can be consider as the optimum currency areas. After joining European Union, Slovakia has to accept using common currency. Therefore I would like to applicare criteria of theory of optimum currency areas on matters of Slovakia and summarise if the entry to European monetary union is profitable for Slovakia. In the end I would like to aim for advantages and disadvantages which are connected with the entry for Euro area.
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The Analysis of an Admission of the Czech Republic in to the European Monetary Union
Krebsová, Michaela ; Skopeček, Jan (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse readiness of the Czech Republic for euro adoption. First part presents historical overview of OCA theory, especially Mundell's labour market flexibility and the OCA index. Furthermore, assumptions are provided for an analysis of labour market flexibility on the basis of different empirical studies. Additionally theory of real convergence is introduced. This theoretical framework, introduced in the preliminary part of this work, presents fundamentals for further analysis. The latter analysis focus on labour market flexibility, structural resemblance of economies, real convergence and the OCA index. On the basis of results obtained, evaluation about benefits and cost of euro adoption is provided and consequently conclusions about euro adoption are deduced.
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PROČ V EKONOMII NEJSOU ŽENY?
Pospíchalová, Lenka ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
At present approximately one half of university students are women, but at science positions you can find women very rarely. One of the value attribute how to measure the achievement or success in science is number of prize award -- the Nobel Prize for economy has never received a woman, the J. B. Clark Price received only one woman -- Susan C. Athey in the 2007 year. Nevertheless the women are not very often occurred in other exact science too. The woman honoured by Nobel Prize or Wolf Prize are only a few. From the beginning of the history the explanation could be find in different possibility to study for women and men, but at the period after the Second World War and later the access to education is comparable for woman and men round the advanced world. The significant difference is not even in the intellectual potential of women and men. It seems to be more important the fact that women are mothers and this their role disqualifies them from their active science path in its critical part of roughly first ten years, it means in the period, when most of men create its most important work, which for they are priced. For women, thanks to their natural role of mothers, after finishing university raises a gap in their path, which is from the point of view of their science achievements or success practically not possible to be saturated. However it is not possible to despatch these binding conditions, they are not alone. In fact the low number of women in the science is result of influence of more factors together.
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The community of Romanies and the labour market
Tešný, Milan ; Hudík, Marek (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
A large number of people from various fields and disciplines has been and is engaged in the issue of one of the largest minority in the Czech Republic, the Romanies. Last but not least, this issue is also related to the political capabilities in creating the state budgets, social costs, work programs etc. I will analyze the present and past economical situation of the roman minority and try to assess the scale of functionality and sufficiency of Czech legislation in this scope. Furthermore, I would like to illustrate the behavioral patterns of this ethnic group and apply the concept of the "culture of poverty" to it, which particullary includes the tendency of prefering the immediate satisfaction of their needs without the distinctive planning to the future in the scope of funds. I will try to explain the mechanisms of so called "vicious circle" of discrimination in finding job from the point of view of the position of the roman minority in the labour market. Also the different understanding and creating of the family connections shows, why the common economical family model is unable to be applied there. Economics is a value-neutral science, that is why I will pay particular attention to the efficiency of the current labour-law legislation affecting the members of the culture of poverty, which include considerable part of the roman population and hereafter I will try to propose the alternative measures, which could be applied to this issue.
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Application of Problems of Macroeconomic Disequilibrium: Outline of Run of Business Cycle in the Economy of Germany in the Years 1990 - 2006
Kloudová, Dana ; Janíčko, Martin (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the business cycle phenoma. First part is theoretical and is focused on characteristics of business cycles, especially on investigating causes of economic fluctuations (demand and supply shocks), types, phases, and history of business cycles. Then, monitoring and analysis of business cycle follow, when the indicators of internal and external disequilibrium is to analysed. From indicators of the internal disequilibrium a very special focus is put on inflation rate, difference between real output and potential output (output gap), and unemployment rate. External disequilibrium is analysed through the current account balance as a percentage of GDP. Next chapter of the theoretical part is dedicated to aggregate demand and its components, aggregate supply and macroeconomic (dis)equilibrium. In this work the attention is paid to both fiscal and monetary policy, which can substantially influence length and behaviour of a business cycle. Second part is analytical and addresses business cycle in the economy of Germany since its reunification (1990) to 2006. This time period is separated into several parts. Every part is specific and will be analysed separately. Selected macroeconomic indicators are also to analysed by econometric models, and then their influence on the behaviour of the business cycle is evaluated. In conclusion, a broad prospect of the future business cycle development is outlined.
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Constitutional Analysis of the Lisbon Treaty
Zelenka, Jaroslav ; Hudík, Marek (advisor) ; Skopeček, Jan (referee)
This work applies the constitutional analysis method on the evaluation of the EU constitutional setting's change after the possible approval of the Lisbon Treaty. We will focus on the part of the Treaty that has an impact on the character of the legislation connected with commodity taxation. Specifically, we will analyze the change of the voting rules of the Council and the change of the constitutional cognizance of the Council. After we draw the parallel between the Council and the revenue-maximizing Leviathan, we will be able to advocate for the conclusion of our analysis which is that the base and rates of the commodity taxation will change to the disadvantage of the taxpayer after the approval of the Treaty.
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Are elections lists fair or nudging?
Regéczy, Martin ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
It is generally believed that those candidates listed earlier on the ballot paper are likely to receive more votes than those listed later. This assumption was proved to be true on a sample of 100 election results collected from university elections across the whole Czech Republic in the years 2001-2009. These elections have one important feature -- all candidates are listed in alphabetical order. Those candidates with surname initials closer to the beginning of the alphabet tend to receive more votes and, as a past research says, the non-rational voters are to be blamed. No one, however, has yet analyzed the behavior of candidates. Hypothesis that candidates with better fitted surnames are more likely to enter elections, and by that create a ballot paper already with alphabetical bias, has not been proved. Other cue to voters such as the title of a candidate present on the ballot paper proved to be an important signal of quality for female candidates who were hugely advantaged compared to men who were disadvantaged due to this fact. Possible different reasons to alphabetical bias have been tested (e.g. name letter effect), but have not been found to be present.
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Prohibition vs. decriminalization - two different approaches to the drug abuse problem
Tomány, Lubomír ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
The main subject of this study is a comparation of two different policies which are used to cope with the drug abuse problem - prohibition and decriminalization. Example is set on the U.S. and the Netherlands. First, each policy is described in detail. Subsequently, both policies are compared according to criteria of the drug use prevalence and the direct costs related with them. The Netherlands, which applies decriminalization, has maintained lower drug use prevalence than the U.S for long time and in almost all kinds of drugs and age groups. Moreover, Netherlands it achieves at the same or lower relative costs. Yet, the higher drug use prevalence does not prove ineffectiveness of policy prohibition. It seems that the U.S. is more likely to have higher prevalence due to more general tendency of using drugs in population. The study also shows that the decriminalization can be linked to increase of drug use that followed its introduction in Netherlands.
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Transformation of Slovak republic (after 1989)
Lipka, Vladimír ; Kollár, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
Práca analyzuje vývoj kapitálového trhu na Slovensku v období transformácie, popisuje vývoj obchodovania na BCPB a porovnáva vývoj BCPB s na burzách cenných papierov v strednej Európe. Vývoj kapitálového trhu na Slovensku bol ovplyvnení transformačný procesom. Hlavne kupónovou privatizáciou, jej zrušením a nedostatočnou reguláciou kapitálového trhu. Výsledkom kupónovej privatizácie bolo rozdrobené vlastníctvo, minimálny prílev kapitálu a poklesu hodnotu akcií. Kapitálový trh na Slovensku stratil atraktívny pre domácich ani zahraničných investorov a začal upadať. Kapitálový trh na Slovensku môžeme označiť ako nelikvidný, s nízkym obratom na trhu akcií, minimálnym počtom nových emisií a nízkou trhovou kapitalizáciou. A to napriek tomu, že má kapitálový trh rozvinuté všetky štandardné inštitúcie finančného trhu, legislatívu harmonizovanú s EÚ, regulovaný trh a zabezpečenú ochranu investorov. BCPB môžeme označiť ako dlhopisovú burzu. V porovnaní s okolitými štátmi je BCPB najmenej rozvinutá a zaostáva za ostatnými burzami vo všetkých ukazovateľoch. Zatraktívnenie kapitálového trhu by sa dalo dosiahnuť predajom časti strategických podnikov cez burzu, podporou stredne veľkých podnikov pri emisiách nových akcií a vytvorením nových investičných príležitostí pre investorov.
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