|
|
Influence of the Age and Other Factors on the Estrogen and Progesteron Receptor Ratio (ER/PR) in Breast Cancer
Hanáková, Tereza ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor) ; Klemera, Petr (referee)
2. Summary Tereza Hanáková Influence of the age and other factors on the estrogen and progesteron receptor ratio (ER/PR) in breast cancer Rigorous thesis Charles university in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Pharmacy In this rigorous thesis we dealt with ER/PR ratio of patiets in the breast cancer and we tried to point out its importance for making the diagnostics more accurate. We compared the curves in the graphs of hospitals in Pardubice, Náchod and Hradec Králové by the help of methods that exploited medians of the neighbouring - mutually overlapping groups of patients. In these graphs we were noticing the similar or on the contrary different features and also abnormalities and we tried to explain the reason of these events. It is important to define the optimal ER/PR value and determine the boundary of the dangerously low or high ER/PR ratio, because the extreme increase of this quotient as well as too low of ER/PR ratio make the prognosis worse. The ER/PR quotient should represent the comming of the menopause more accuratelly than ER alone, because during low estradiol production not only concentration of ER, but also the extent of the whole ER/PR quotient rises, but in the addition, this ER/PR quotient rises together with the decrease of PR in the denominator. On the contrary, the...
|
|
|
Production of the ovarian hormones in breast tumours.
Štambergová, Hana ; Dršata, Jaroslav (referee) ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor)
1 SUMMARY The breast cancer affects over one million women all over the world every year. Approximately 60 - 80 % of these tumours are declared as hormone sensitive, which means they are able to respond on a stimulation of estrogens that work as cocancerogens. The breast cancer incidence increases according to an age, a majority of new cases is detected during the postmenopausal period when the ovaries ceased to be functional. In postmenopausal patients the local estrogen production becomes a considerable stimulating growth factor of tumours. In this thesis we have brought together a review of enzymes participating on the intratumoral biosynthesis of estrogens or estradiol. The enzymes responsible for the local synthesis include predominantly the aromatase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and steroid sulphatase. We have specified by each type of the enzymes its biochemistry, biological characteristics and also its engagement in a breast cancerogenesis as well as their advantage as a pharmacological target. We have also placed pieces of information about members of the AKR1C subfamily. Professor Wsól from the department of biochemistry sciences of our faculty focuses on their study (a participation on a biodegradation of carbonyl groups xenobiotics). AKR1C3 (also called 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase...
|
|
|
Influence of the age and other factors on the cytosol concentration of steroid receptors in breast cancer.
Hanáková, Tereza ; Filip, Stanislav (referee) ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor)
2 Summary Tereza Hanáková Influence of the age and other factors on the cytosol concentration of steroid receptors in breast cancer Diploma assay Charles university in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Pharmacy In our diploma thesis we analyzed statistically the cytosolic results of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER a PR) of patients with the breast cancer diagnosis, which we got from the laboratory in Pardubice and Hradec Králové. We compared ER and PR concentrations of premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with the use of different methods of evaluation of age dependence of ER and PR. We used predominantly the methods that exploited the calculations of great number of medians of the neighbouring - mutually overlapping groups of patients. First we marshalled the results in the (programme Excel) table according to the age of patients and we constituted the groups for calculation of the medians from the patients in the mutual neighbourhood. These groups were constituted using the similarity of the patients' age or - on the contrary - by such manner which uses the same number of patients in the groups for medias - the age of which was also similar - but not constantly. The age differences in these groups were greater in such age in which there was the small frequency of arising of such...
|
|
|
Evaluation of the interlaboratory variability of exaqmination of receptor markers of the breast cancer
Pešinová, Šárka ; Doležel, Martin (referee) ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor)
Charles Univerzity in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological Sciences Candidate: Bc. Šárka Pešinová Supervisor: MUDr. Jiří Hochman, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of the interlaboratory variability of exaqmination of receptor markers of the breast cancer In this diploma thesis, we are focused on the question of the breast cancer. We chose the bioanalitical access to estrogens and progesterone receptors (ER and PR). These receptors are important for deciding of treatment method. We divided a practice part to two partitions. In the first one, we try to consider statistically a sensitivity of the methods of the diferent laboratories. In the sekond one we comparted the processed records from the hospital Pardubice. In terms of practical part, ER and PR data from diferent scientific intrnational literature were processed and categorized. We were focused to the diference of the amount of patiens, the number of ER (+) and PR (+), on the year of study. In several cases we found even the statistical increasing of ER investigation sensitivity - on the basis of the increasing amount of positive patient. Our other aim was to compare the statistical results of Pardubice imunohistochemical laboratories in by us constructed graphs in term of positivity boundary. We also...
|
|
|
HER2/neu and other markers in breast tumours.
Celbová, Lenka ; Doležel, Martin (referee) ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor)
2. SUMMARY Author: Bc. Lenka Celbová Tutor: MUDr. Jiří Hochmann, CSc. Title of a work: HER-2/neu and other markers in breast tumours Diploma work Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study programme: Healthcare bioanalytics The aim of our diploma work is to bring an overview of the tumour marker HER- 2/neu especially with focus on its activation, laboratory detection, relation to hormonal receptors, its role in tumorgenesis of breast carcinoma and also on the examination of its prognostic importace and its relation to the breast cancer treatment. In the clinical part of this review work we target especially the prognostic and predictive value of HER-2/neu. In many studies, a bad prognosis of HER-2/neu positive breast cancer was confirmed. In this connection the importance of determination of extracellular domain HER-2/neu in serum was examined in the literature. It is proved, that observation of this parameter is useful for monitoring of the patients with HER-2/neu positive carcinomas and there is also proved its predictive importance for the trastuzumab treatment. Another topic investigated in this work is expression of HER-2/neu de novo. Two studies, we found, confirm the opinion, that an amplification of HER-2/neu de novo can...
|
|
|
Type 1 diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis and advances in therapy.
Andrýsová, Jana ; Hochmann, Jiří (referee) ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas leading to insulin deficience. It is multifactorial disease, in its genesis are participating interactions of genetic background and environmental factors. Type 1 diabetes is a life-long autoimmune disease that usually occurs in childhood but can be diagnosed at any age. Diabetes mellitus type 1 is primarily characterized by hyperglycemia. The others classical symptoms include: polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. Long-term complications can result from type 1 diabetes, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and vascular disease. Treatment goals for diabetic patients are related to control of blood glukose, blood pressure and lipids to minimize the risk of long-term consequences. Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin replacement therapy - usually by insulin injection or insulin pump. An integral part of therapy is the patient's involvement in the therapeutical process, education, frequent glucose monitoring, adjustments in diet and exercise. The review discuss the up-to date view of treatment and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy. The rewiew compare effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with multiple insulin injection....
|
|
|
Influence of contraceptives and hormonal substitution therapy on the receptors of sex steroid hormones
Krasulová, Hana ; Tošner, Jindřich (referee) ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis deals with questions about levels of estrogen and progesteron receptors (ER and PR) in normal breast tissue and in tumorous tissue and explains their changes. The aim of our effort was to find the publications which deal with possibilities of false positivity or negativity in a breast cancer and clarify the time period after which we can expect relevant results of the receptor levels after contraception therapy or hormonal substitution therapy and which concentration of hormones we can expect in serum. First we listed contraception therapy and hormonal therapy. We focused on physiological concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in serum and their potential affection by contraception and hormonal substitution therapy. We found that most of contraceptives contain now such dose of ethinylestradiol to reach such concentration in the serum which are nearly physiological. In postmenopauzal women the estradiol levels decreases in comparison with premenopausal women. The doses of ethinylestradiol during substitution therapy are essentially higher than during contraception therapy. Subsequently we searched for the releationship between levels of ER and PR and their potential affection by contraception or hormonal substituonal therapy. As the Czech literature does not include this questions -...
|
|
|
Epidemiological trends of treatment benign prostate hyperplasia.
Němečková, Eva ; Hochmann, Jiří (referee) ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor)
Epidemiological trends of treatment benign prostate hyperplasia Background: The purpose of the work was to follow up trends of treatment benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in Czech Republic. The aim of second part was to review the registered alpha-blockers and finasterides in Czech Republic from 1997 to 2008. The last part compares the expenses for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), transvesical prostatectomy (TVPE) and the annual treatment with tamsulosin in Slovakia, Poland, Germany, Austria and the United States of America. Methods: The first part is based on data provided by the Urological Clinic of Faculty hospital in Hradec Králové for the decade 1997 - 2007. An increase was observed of the number of patients and the medical therapy and a fall of the surgical therapy of TURP and TVPE. Financial charges were based on informations from foreign clinics and articles. Results: The number of patients with BPH increased from 1624 in 2003 to 2140 in 2007. There were on average 2491 prescriptions per year and the number of patient's visits was 2,12. TURP was practised more on the clinic. The percentage of patients with TURP decreased from 11,76 % to 5,47 % in years 2003 to 2007. TVPE fell from 1,24 % in 2006 to 0,56 % in 2007. The number of registered alpha-blockers increased from 5 to...
|
|
|
Nitric oxide as a pathophysiological factor in some disorders of the central nervous systém.
Bartošková, Iva ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Hochmann, Jiří (referee)
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important signaling molecules involved in different of cellular events. The enzyme responsible for the synthesis of NO is nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Three NOS isoforms was described. Two of them ones are constitutive and functionally depend on the presence of calcium ions and calmodulin (nNOS and eNOS), iNOS activity is independent of the concentration of calcium. NO plays a key role in the brain morphogenesis. It can regulate a synaptic plasticity, firing of neurons, and the modulation of release of other neurotransmitters and hormons. The release of NO causes the local vasodilatation. NO can iniciate, under certain conditions, the neurotoxic cascade. It plays, e.g., a role in neurodegenerative diseases, but can play a neuroprotective role as well. NO is one of the pain mediators. NO is partipicant in many important diseases such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and migraine. Migraine is defined as a disorder marked by pulsating headaches which persist usually for 4-72 hours and are mostly accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Patients with headache are very frequent patients of practitioner as well as of the neurologists.
|
|
| |
guest ::
