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The association of energy intake and parameters of energy metabolism in pregnant and lactating women
Danielisová, Monika ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Monika Danielisová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph. D. Title of master thesis: The association of energy intake and parameters of energy metabolism in pregnant and lactating women Background: The objective of this study was to compare changes in metabolism during pregnancy and lactation and evaluate the relationship between energy intake (as well as macronutrients intake - saccharides, lipides and proteins) and parameters of energy metabolism. Methods: Method of indirect calorimetry was used to assess the parameters of energy metabolism. In order to evaluate protein oxidation, it was necessary to establish the amount of waste nitrogen, which was measured from 24-hour collection of urine. Energy and macronutrients intake were calculated in NutriDan software based on data from 7 days questionary. Results: Most significant differences in measured volume of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were observed between the period of 3rd and 6th month after delivery and in all 3 measurements throughout pregnancy. The average of predicted resting energy expenditure at the end of pregnancy was 1596 ± 146 kcal/day, which increase to 106 ± 9 %. This declined after 6th month...
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The energy balance evaluation at spontaneous breathing polytrauma patients with nutritional support in ICU.
Jelínková, Valerie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis investigates the influence of nutrition support on a set of critically ill patients after the administration of parenteral nutrition by measuring their energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. The study was performed on 8 spontaneously breathing patients during the 2nd-5th day of polytrauma and the variables were obtained by Indirect calorimetry. The mean age of the patients was 42 ± 16 years. Four patients were obese, three were overweight and one had normal weight in the examined group. The measurement was conducted on 7 patients after hypocaloric nutrition administration (1323 ± 281 kcal/day) and 1 patient after hypercaloric nutrition administration (3400 kcal/day). Statistical analysis revealed that the administered nutritional support had no significant effect on energy expenditure and the substrate oxidation preference. However, correlations between the values of energy expenditure, nutrients oxidation, and values of some of the laboratory parameters were observed. The energy expenditure of polytraumatic patients measured at least 4 hours after nutritional administration was 2139 ± 518 kcal/day and 24.6 ± 3.5 kcal/kg/day. This energy expenditure was covered by oxidation of proteins (31%), by lipids (46%) and by carbohydrates (23%). Large variability was found among the results...
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Evaluation of macronutrient intake in pregnant women
Princová, Kristýna ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Kristýna Princová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of macronutrient intake in pregnant women Theoretical introduction and aim of the thesis: This diploma thesis deals with the nutrition of pregnant women. Nutrition during pregnancy should fulfill the requierements of both, the pregnant woman and the fetus. It must be sufficient and secure the dosage of essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the intake of energy and particular macronutrients in a group of healthy pregnant women given to their recommended dietary intake (RDI) and to determine whether the intake of macronutrients varies in different stages of pregnancy. Methods: Twelve pregnant women with physiological course of pregnancy in age 24-34 were examined in the laboratory of clinical physiology at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University in Hradec Králové. These women were examined in three pregnancy periods (G1: 24±2; G2: 31±1; G3: 37±1 gestational week). This study was performed in the period from October 2018 to February 2020. The evaluated parameters included energy intake and intake of particular macronutrients (1 week in...
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Influence of nutrition on changes in body composition in pregnant and lactating women
Dubňanská, Nikola ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Nikola Dubňanská Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Influence of nutrition on changes in body composition in pregnant and lactating women Background The aim of the work was to evaluate changes in parameters of body composition determined by bioimpedance analysis during pregnancy and lactation. At the same time, we wanted to find out relationship between individual parameters and total energy intake and intake of macronutrients namely carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Methods Body composition parameters were determined by using instruments that are based on the bioimpedance analysis method. Bioimpedance analysis determines the parameters of a body composition from the resistance that various biological tissues show against a weak electric current passing through the body during the measurement. This method is non- invasive, fast, easy to use and also suitable for evaluating body composition in pregnant and lactating women. NutriDan nutritional software was used to evaluate data on energy intake and individual macronutrients obtained from the weekly questionnaire. Results During pregnancy, body weight increased in women and decreased...
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Seroma as a follow-up complication after breast cancer surgery
Krupová, Kristína ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Kristína Krupová Supervisior: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, PhD. Consultant: MUDr. Petr Motyčka, PhD. Title of Thesis: Seroma as a follow-up complication after breast cancer surgery Introduction: A seroma is one of the most prevalent postoperative complications of breast cancer surgery. Although it is not a life-threatening complication, it may contribute to the significant patient morbidity, prolong their recovery and consequential hospital stays as well as delay adjuvant therapy. Aim of the thesis: This thesis aimed to look up those patients who experienced the postoperative complication in the form of seroma in the sample of cancer patients who underwent breast cancer surgery. Based on the materials dealing with this issue, we focused on the most frequent factors that may predict the development of this complication and evaluated the impact of the particular factors on the seroma formation and its subsequent puncture. Methods: A total of 240 patients who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent the surgery at the Department of Surgery of University Hospital Hradec Králové in the period from September 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, were included in the study...
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Haemostasis and haemocoagulation
Maierová, Anna ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The Charles University, Pharmaceutical faculty in Hradec Králové Department: Department of biology and medical science Author: Anna Maierová Supervisor of the bachelor thesis: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Headline: Haemostasis and haemocoagulation Background: Main aim of the work: One of the goals was to provide an overview of the basic knowledge about homeostasis and haemocoagulation in their physiological aspects. Another goal was to elaborate information on the pathophysiology of homeostasis and haemocoagulation with broader focus on clinical signs. Part of my work included itemizing current examination methods and procedure of the proper sampling and analysing the sample for haemocoagulation check-up as well. Main findings: This bachelor thesis presents the whole process of hemostasis, characterizes its components and its main importance so that it is clear how their deficiency or functional pathology affects the process of bleeding arrest. An integral part of the thesis is a review of basic methods for the diagnosis of disorders in haemostasis and, last but not least, a description of pathological conditions of haemostasis. Part of the thesis also focuses on hemostasis disorders associated with COVID-19 infection. It mentions the increasing incidence of thrombotic conditions with the...
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Bioimpedance spectroscopic body analysis during lactation.
Urbánková, Tereza ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to cover the changes in body composition by bioimpedance spectroscopy in Czech breastfeeding women during three periods - 3 weeks postpartum, 3 months and 6 months postpartum. Eight healthy breastfeeding women were involved in the study. At each examination there were measured anthropometric parameters and bioimpedance spectroscopy parameters by the Body Composition Monitor. Breast milk was also extracted during the study. We observed a gradual decrease in body weight of monitored women. The median weight loss between the first and third examination was 2,2 kg, the median weight in 6 months postpartum was 1,3 kg higher than the median of prepregnancy body weight, two of the women had lower weight 6 months postpartum than before the pregnancy, the body weight of other six women was higher in a scale between 0,1 kg to 3,1 kg. There were not proven statistically significant differences in body composition during lactation. A trend of decrease of TBW was observed during all lactation periods. A trend of slight increase of ICW was observed between the 3rd week and 3rd month postpartum, and then the decrease of ICW in the 6th month postpartum. An increase of LTM and BCM was measured between the 3rd week and 3rd month postpartum, those values have shown a decrease again...
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Changes in resting energy expenditure in lactating women
Mrózková, Nancy ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in ten lactating women between three weeks and nine months postpartum to find out whether there is any link with the parameters presented in this study. Measurements were taken at four intervals. At three weeks and at three, six and nine months postpartum. They were taken in the morning after a night fast (12 hours) and used indirect calorimetry with a canopy in awake lying subjects for approximately 25 minutes. The room was shaded with minimal noise with a temperature around 20 řC. Urine was collected over 24 hours and was examined for nitrogen concentration. The median REE was 1591,86 kcal/day at 3 weeks postpartum, 1398,08 kcal/day at 3 months, 1401,78 kcal/day at 6 months and 1455,03 kcal/day at 9 months postpartum. Values of REE per kilogram of body weight are 21,8 ± 0,36 kcal/kg and are consistent throughout the measurement period. The oxidation of lipids was dominant compared to other substrates and the lowest was oxidation of sacharides during the whole observation period. Correlations were found in parameters such as, body weight and REE per kilogram, breast milk and respiratory quotient (RQ), length of gravidity with RQ/ volume of exhaled carboxydioxide/ volume of inhaled oxygen. Another was between protein...
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Metabolic parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Kugelová, Martina ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Martina Kugelová Supervisor: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: doc. MUDr. Alena Šmahelová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Metabolic parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose metabolism disorder of various degrees which occurs in pregnancy and resolves spontaneously in the puerperium. Due to the adverse effects of GDM on pregnancy outcomes, perinatal morbidity, and the development of chronic diseases later in life, increased attention is given to GDM. Aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis was the provide a basic overview of the types of diabetes mellitus together with a description of metabolic processes and some selected biomarkers, with the main focus on GDM. Another aim was to evaluate the consequences and assess the impact of selected parameters on the onset and development of GDM, changes in the monitored values during pregnancy and the consequences for mother and fetus. Methods: The research subjects were 110 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM at the Diabetological Clinic of the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology of University Hospital Hradec Králové and...
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Planktonic and biofilm form of pathogenic microorganisms - efficacy of disinfectants
Straková, Hana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Hana Straková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Consultant: PharmDr. Jan Marek, PhD. Title: Planktonic and biofilm form of pathogenic microorganisms - effectiveness of disinfectants Diploma thesis Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Introduction: Quaternary ammonium salts are widely used in the field of disinfection and antisepsis. Commonly used compounds on this basis include, for example: Benzoxonium chloride (Orofar), Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Sanytol), Carbethopendecinium bromide (Septonex) and many other substances. Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis was to test 10 substances of the quaternary ammonium salt type, divided into two groups using the microdilution broth method on selected bacterial strains and compare it with the standards used in practice. Furthermore, the selected compounds were evaluated for the ability to inhibit the growth of planktonic and biofilm form of the Staphylococcus aureus strain. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of 10 novel compounds divided into two groups according to the structure on eight bacterial strains was measured by the microdilution broth method: Staphylococcus aureus,...
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