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Photobiont diversity in the lichen genus Stereocaulon (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)
Vančurová, Lucie ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Peksa, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis is focused on the diversity of lichen photobionts and its relation to the mycobionts and environmental factors. The key objective is to map the diversity of lichen photobionts of the genus Stereocaulon, which has been insufficiently examined in comparison with related lichens Cladonia and Lepraria. In total, 92 samples belonging to 12 species of genus Stereocaulon were examined, being found in four continents, at the altitude of 50 to 2 900 metres a. s. l., and variety of natural and artificial substrata. Phylogenetic analyses were inferred on the basis of ITS rDNA, actin type I, 18S rDNA and rbcL sequences. Photobionts belonging to two unrelated genera within Trebouxiophyceae, Asterochloris and Chloroidium, were found in thalli of Stereocaulon lichens. While Asterochloris represents one of the most frequent photobionts of various lichens, Chloroidium has been until now recorded as a lichen photobiont very rarely. The content of heavy metals in substratum can be considered as a determinative factor for its occurrence. A new lineage affiliated to genus Asterochloris was discovered on the island La Palma (the Canary Islands). Interestingly, none of common, widespread Asterochloris lineages has been found in this locality. The lichen photobionts of the genus Stereocaulon were discovered in 12 of...
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Autotrophic microbial communities on needles of gymnosperms
Nováková, Radka ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Škaloud, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes available data on autotrophic microbial communities on needles of gymnosperms. This new phenomenon has been observed since 1980'. In my thesis the composition of these communities is described. In addition, their seasonal development, the correlation of species and abundance data with air pollution (mostly nitrogen and sulphur concentrations) are also referred. Except bioindication studies that used these epiphytic communities, similar papers using lichens were also included. The thesis also contains a chapter with detailed description of three most frequent green algae species occurring on needles. In my own work, relationship between epiphytic quantitave parameters of needle-inhabiting communities (thickness, cover, algae amount) of English Yew (Taxus baccata L.) were analyzed in relation to the air pollution data in Prague.
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Revitalization and biodiversity recovery of peat bogs: a case study of the Babín pools
Bestová, Helena ; Šťastný, Jan (referee) ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor)
This work deals with the issue of the revitalization of harvested peat lands. Peat lands dominated by bryophyte Sphagnum do not readily return to their natural stages. In the theoretical part I conclude a) experience with restoring the hydrological regime and b) successes in revegetation by typical peat land vegetation, which is the essential pre-requisite for developing functional peat land ecosystem. The practical part is focused on my own research of diversity and ecology of algaes at cut-away and later restored peat land Babín in the vicinity of Žďár nad Sázavou. These samples of phytobenthos were collected over a tre year span from 2007 to 2009. I have examined the diversity of these samples by optical microscope, using the data I collected about species abundance for multidimensional statistical analysis.
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Red algae (Rhodophyta) in freshwater ecosystems
Štifterová, Anna ; Škaloud, Pavel (referee) ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on an interesting group freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta). This group comprises organisms from quite distant evolutionary clades, nevertheless sharing similar ecological requirements. They mostly occur in unpolluted lotic ecosystems. In the theoretical part, I summarized publications dealing with the general and ecological aspects of distribution of these algae (mainly of the genus Batrachospermum). For example, the issue of seasonal populational dynamics, or their role in succession of benthic algal communities. The practical part includes floristic data on findings of various species of freshwater red algae, predominantly from the Czech Republic. Furhermore, it includes observation on seasonality of a single population of Batrachospermum gelatinosum.
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Diversity and biogeography of protists
Ryšánek, David ; Kulichová, Jana (referee) ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor)
My bachelor thesis consists of two parts. The first part is a literature review, the second part is a practical one, which contains the results of my own research. The first part of my thesis is devoted to the literature review, dealing with two current views on biodiversity and biogeography of protists. The first theory, model of protist ubiquity is described in a few points and illustrated by several examples. Likewise is presented the second hypothesis of moderate endemicity model. In conclusion, both models are compared and advantages and disadvantages of each theory are pointed out. In the second part of this thesis I briefly describe the genus Klebsormidium, which is followed by an optimization of molecular methods to study biodiversity and biogeography of this genus.
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