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Biotribology of artificial tears for the treatment of dry eye syndrome
Černohlávek, Mikuláš ; Daniel, Matej (referee) ; Vrbka, Martin (advisor)
This master thesis is a part of the project TAČR TREND, which aim is the development of new ingredient for treatment of dry eye syndrome. Developed ingredient is derivative of hyaluronic acid, which is in this thesis compared with native hyaluronic acids and commercial eye drops. Aim of this thesis is to describe rheological and tribological properties of measured samples in terms of viscosity, mucoadhesivity and coefficient of friction. Coefficient of friction was measured on created tribological model of the eye in pin-on-plate configuration which represents physiologically relevant sliding speeds of blinking. Comparison with native hyaluronic acids and commercial products of eye drops showed, that derivative reaches higher values of viscosity, has mucoahesive properties and has low values of coefficient of friction. Those key parameters show that modification of hyaluronic acid is promising way for drug development for dry eye disease.
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Friction and lubrication of articular cartilage
Hilšer, Pavel ; Daniel, Matej (referee) ; Vrbka, Martin (advisor)
The main goal of this diploma thesis is to determine the role of hyaluron acid and phospholipids on friction and lubrication of articular cartilage in regard to optimization of viscosupplements. This is carried out by measuring the coefficient of friction of the articular cartilage with several lubricants. Cartilage is lubricated particularly by a conventional viscosuplement, optimized viscosuplementation with phospholipids and model synovial fluid. In order to observe the function of those viscosuplements in the human body, both are mixed with the model synovial fluid, ubiquitous in human joints, in given ratio. Experiments revealed high friction when it comes to convectional viscosupplementation as opposed to low friction of the optimized viscosuplement with phospholipids. The same situation occurs when cartilage is lubricated with those viscosuplements mixed with model synovial fluid which might lead to development of a new, better, viscosupplementation based on hyaluron acid and phospholipids.
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Construction of gears with plastic teeth
Selzer, Tomáš ; Vrbka, Martin (referee) ; Křupka, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis discusses the matter of construction of gear trains using plastic parts in both lubricated and non-lubricated environment, trying to give an overview of an up-to-date information in the process. Nowadays, thanks to several years of development, polymer-based gear systems can be used in many cases as a replacement for metal-based ones. The undeniable advantage of such replacement is mostly the lower production cost and its lower weight, which, together with favorable friction properties of polymer materials, makes a number of technological applications much more effective. The first part is dedicated to listing and defining the typical characteristics of polymer materials, which are essential in the process of designing the gear. The next part focuses on evaluation of the available types of solutions for plastic gear trains construction. The last topic is centered around possible defects and the wear as well as the operation conditions and a real-life application of such plastic gear system. The most notable findings are summed up and commented on in the form a discussion. Thanks to the chosen topic, the bachelor’s thesis adds to a closer understanding of the construction and operation of the plastic gear systems.
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Design of a bath on the device for testing human joints
Svoboda, Tomáš ; Vrbka, Martin (referee) ; Čípek, Pavel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the design of the bathtub of an experimental device for testing human joints. Tribometer is used for experimental measurement of friction and visualization of real cartilage film in flooded synovial fluid. The result of this work is the design of air releasing, heating and sealing the bathtub in which the synovial fluid is located. By removing air bubbles and heating the liquid to the temperature of the human body, more accurate shear coefficient values and improved contact visualization are achieved. This should lead to a better understanding of the friction and lubrication processes in the synovial joint. The result of this work is chosen optimal design variant and production drawing documentation.
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Lubrication of knee joint replacement
Sadecká, Kateřina ; Horák, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vrbka, Martin (advisor)
The work deals with the lubrication of total knee replacement using fluorescence microscopy method, which allows unique insight into the contact between femoral and tibial component. The aim was to determine the effect of composition of synovial fluid (i.e. albumin, -globulin, hyaluronic acid and phospholipids) on film thickness and protein behaviour in contact, and also to determine changes of contact area during rotation. Since this is the first experimental work dealing with a knee replacement lubrication primarily, only simple rotation and load cycles were applied by the knee simulator. The output of the experiments was fluorescence intensity, which corresponds to dimensionless film thickness, over time. Another important output are the images directly showing the fluorescently labelled proteins in the contact area. The results show, there are fundamental differences in lubrication in different positions of rotation, due to changes of position, shape and behaviour of the contact area. The composition of the lubricant is also essential, since the proteins themselves form a relatively strong lubricating film and their mixture leads to a substantial reduction of film thickness, due to significant formation of clusters. Complex fluid, although it does not form the strongest layer, is able to create a quite continuous film.
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VOLUMETRIC WEAR ANALYSIS OF HIP JOINT IMPLANTS BY OPTICAL METHODS
Ranuša, Matúš ; Bryant, Dr Michael (referee) ; Dr Prashant K. Sharma (referee) ; Vrbka, Martin (advisor)
Predložená dizertačná práca sa zaoberá analýzou opotrebenia totálnych bedrových endoprotéz za použitia optických metód. V práci bol predstavený nový prístup hodnotenia objemového úbytku materiálu pomocou 3D optického skeneru. Tento nový prístup je časovo efektívny, poskytuje veľké množstvo snímaných bodov na povrchu implantátu. Množstvo bodov umožňuje presnejšiu rekonštrukciu pôvodnej geometrie a prípadné rekonštrukcie nežiaducich poškodení polyetylénovej vložky pri extrakcii. Predstavené metóda bola validovaná za pomoci štandardizovanej gravimetrickej metódy v súlade s ISO 14242. Následne bol optická skenovacia metóda použitá v troch štúdiách zameraných na analýzu opotrebenia, mechanické zmeny artikulujúceho povrchu a mikroštruktúrne zmeny v dôsledku zlyhania implantátu. Analýza 23 extrahovaných polyetylénových vložiek typ Bicon - plus s rozšíreným použitím v Českej republike poukázala na niektoré problémy spojené so zlyhaním implantátu. Adhezívno - abrazívne opotrebenie bolo identifikované v oblasti penetrácie femurálnej hlavice a následné poškodenia ako delaminácia materiálu , plastické deformácie a pitting boli pozorované v okolí tejto oblasti. Analýza materiálových vlastností poukázala na degradáciu mechanických a chemických vlastností, čo bolo prevažne závislé od rozsahu opotrebenia implantátu. U implantátov boli pozorované výrazné plastické deformácie , nárast oxidačného indexu a nižší pomer tvrdosti voči modulu elasticity, v porovnaní s novými vzorkami. Tečenie materiálu a plastické deformácie, ktoré vykazovali všetky extrahované vzorky boli analyzované v závere predloženej dizertačnej práce, na základe testov na nových implantátoch v zábehovom cykle. Cieľom práce je uviesť nový prístup analýzy opotrebenia polyetylénových vložiek za pomoci optických skenovacích metód a preukázať jeho použiteľnosť na analýze súboru extrahovaných implantátov. Výsledky získané pomocou tejto metódy sa ukázali ako vhodné a môžu viesť k lepšiemu pochopeniu procesov opotrebenia a zlyhávania implantátov.
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Effect of synovial fluid composition and surface topography modification on lubrication of joint replacements
Hekrle, Pavel ; Vampola, Tomáš (referee) ; Vrbka, Martin (advisor)
The main objective of this diploma thesis is to determine the influence of synovial fluid compodition and the influence of surface microtextures on lubrication of hip join replacements. For all experiments, hip joint simulator based on the pendulum principle was utilized. Metal heads (CoCrMo) manufactured by B Braun company and and tailor made acetabular cups from optical glass were used as contact couples. Acetabulum dimensions were fabricated according to dimensions of real implants. Experiments with surface microtextures simulated walking cycle for 210 s and development of lubrication film over time was observed.Results have shown that all types of tested structures improved lubrication of contact area, where the best results were obtained for square and triangle shapes respectively. Second set of experiments was based on the fact, that the composition of synovial fluid of healthy people differs from the composition of patients with various stages of osteoarthritis. Therefore, experiments with different model fluids were compared, which in their composition correspond to different groups of patients. For the model fluid that corresponds to the largest number of cases, experiments with individual components and combinations thereof were subsequently performed to provide a more detailed description of how these components affect the film-forming mechanism. The results show, that a change in fluid composition of patients with osteoarthritis can have a major negative effect on fluid formation process within the pair.
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Generation of Energy Using Renewable Resources
Vrbka, Martin ; Langerová, Petra (referee) ; Froehling, Kenneth (advisor)
Tato bakálářská práce se zaměřuje na výrobu elektrické energie za pomoci obnovytelných zdrojů. Existuje nespočet faktorů vztahůjících se k obnovitelné energii. Nicméně na tyto aspekty je většinou pohlíženo spíše individuálně, než jako na celek. Tudíž se tato práce pokouší obsáhnout většinu významných aspektů jež jsou spojeny s výrobou energie za pomoci obnovitelných zdrojů a organizuje je v jeden logický celek. To je uskutečněno představením obecného popisu technologie jako takové stejně jako výsledných dopadů použitých systémů.
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Educational exercises for finite element method lectures
Sovadina, František ; Vrbka, Martin (referee) ; Nečas, David (advisor)
This work is concerned with mapping of exercises for teaching Finite Element Method (FEM) at Czech as well as foreign universities. The first part reviews exercises on FEM in use at Czech and foreign universities, which might be used for teaching FEM at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Brno in the future. Based on the analyzed material, the aim of the second part of this work was to create a new assignment of an exercise together with its model calculation in ANSYS. The results were then proved through an experiment on a physical model.
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Design of parts of tribometer with reciprocating motion
Dražka, Ondřej ; Vrbka, Martin (referee) ; Čípek, Pavel (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with design of parts of tribometer with reciprocating motion. Several conceptual solutions are made on base of existing studies from which the best solution for given application is selected. The tribometer will be used for experimental measuring on real cartilage which should lead to better understanding of friction and lubrication processes in synovial joint. The outcome of this thesis are component parts along with the manufacturing drawings.
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