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Defining the Basic Socio-ecological Landscapes Types in the Czech Republic in the Context of Ecosystem Service Provision
Spustová, Kateřina ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Current approaches of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems and ecosystem services are within the scope of this master's thesis. The aim of the thesis is, on the basis of current landscape classifications, landscape typologies, and their combination with approaches of ecosystem services classification, to appoint socio-ecological units as functional socio-ecological types of the territory. In other words, on the basis of classification listed, this thesis attempts to prove, that socio-ecological units are functional socio-ecological types of the territory, which should be given proper attention. Socio-ecological landscapes are defined according to degree of anthropogenic impact, selected socioeconomic characteristics, and selected ecosystem services. The thesis focuses on three of four categories of ecosystem services defined in Millennium Ecosystem Assessment - provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services. As a methodology, the quantitative research was chosen. The research was carried out by data collection and the analysis of statistical data of Czech Statistical Office, Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre, and Statistical Yearbook of Soil Services. The thesis main finding is that social and ecological components of socio-ecological systems are in mutual...
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Geoecological preferences of red deer in the Bohemian & Bavarian Forests NPs
Lachová, Barbora ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee)
Barbora Lachová Praha 2017 1 Geoecological preferences of red deer in the Bohemian & Bavarian Forests NPs Abstract In central Europe, the red deer (Cervus elaphus) is a common species. It's population density is very high in the Bohemian & Bavarian Forest NPs. Therefore, a selective management is used to control red deer population, because of the need to conserve young regrowing forests. Knowledge of a typical habitat, geoecological preferences and space-time use of the environment is very useful for red deer management and for understanding it's life strategies. Data about deer location are most often collected by GPS - telemetry technology. In this thesis, data from thirteen individuals equipped with GPS-collars are processed and analysed. Red deer choose their location primarily according to food resources availability. Movement of red deer individuals is also influenced by human disturbance. In the review part habitat requirements, environmental factors and Bohemian & Bavarian NPs environment characteristics are described.
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Changes in land cover and landscape use in the former military training area Ralsko after 1990
Tvrzník, Lukáš ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the change of the landscape cover and the use of the landscape of the former Ralsko military training area after 1990. The former VVP Ralsko is located on the area of 250 km2 between Česká Lípa, Stráží pod Ralskem and Mnichovo Hradištěm. Most of its territory lies in the Liberec region and only its southern part reaches the Central Bohemian region. After the departure of the Soviet troops in 1991, the military training area was abolished and on 1 January 1992 the village of Ralsko, which currently has 171 km2 , was formed by merging nine municipalities in its former territory. The town of Ralsko is thus an area with the largest area in the Czech Republic. Between 1993 and 2004, the former military area was decontaminated, during which more than 120,000 pieces of ammunition were found and destroyed. Decontamination of contaminated soils and groundwater is ongoing. Some former military buildings are currently commercially used as warehouses for raw materials. The Military Airport at Hradčany is partly used for sports purposes, and a range of rare game species has been set up in the area of the Židlov tank space, of which the most interesting is the European Tooth (Bison bonasus). In the first part of the thesis there is a search of specialized literature dealing with...
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Landscape Classification of Experimental Watersheds in the Jizera Mountains
Buková, Eva ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to present the landscape classification of the Czech hydrometeorological institute's experimental Watersheds in the Jizera Mountains. The classification was developed on the Watersheds of selected physical- geographic characteristics that can influence its rainfall-runoff process. The selected factors were geologic standards, soil cover and characteristics of the relief - inclination, exposition and vegetation types. The landscape cover represents one of the most significant factors that form the surface runoff. The method of cluster analysis, more specifically the method of K-means clustering, was used for the landscape classification. The typology was developed for the abiotic characteristics of the watersheds as well as for the landscape cover. Altogether 5 analyses with different numbers of clusters were produced while creating both classifications. Based on the analyses the watersheds with the most similar abiotic characteristics and landscape covers were defined. The annex of the thesis is the evaluation of the landscape development of the target area from the years 1953, 1986 and 2013.
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Distribution of invasive neophytes in the riparian vegetation of the Berounka river
Randová, Nela ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The river banks are very often colonized by invasive alien plants. The aim of this paper was to monitor the presence of invasive neophytes in riparian vegetation of the Berounka river and to compare the results with those of Boháčková (2007) from the year 2006. The research was completed during August in the year 2015. In every segment of the riparian vegetation were observed the presence and approximate population of seventeen invasive neophytes. In the riparian vegetation of the Berounka river were observed thirteen invasive neophytes on the whole. Impatiens glandulifera occured in the largest number of the segments, very closely followed by Robinia pseudacacia. Reynoutria sp. represented the largest population of individuals in the entire study area. The results of the comparison showed that the invasive neophytes are spreading to new locations but their population is not getting bigger. Key words: invasive neophytes, riparian vegetation, stream, changes in vegetation, monitoring of vegetation
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Recent landscape dynamics of the Šumava NP
Janík, Tomáš ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
The disturbances are processes, which change the landscape (Bengstsson et al., 2003). In Central European mountains spruce forest, windthrows and subsequent bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreaks are the most important (Bengstsson et al., 2003; Brůna, 2013; Čada, 2013; Fischer et al., 2002; Matějka, 2013) This scenario was taking place in the study area - the Šumava National Park between 2006 and 2012. The objective was to analyse changes in the land cover caused by the disturbances. The land cover flows were used. The Land cover flows describe changes within land cover types: the area of change from one type into another (Martinez-Fernandez et al., 2015). Layers of the land cover for each year were created; they show the changes mostly in forested landscape. These fourteen-land cover types layers were input into analysis in the Land change modeler for ArcGIS (Clark Labs, 2015). The most important land cover flows were set and further analysis of evaluation in five spatial frames (Physical - geographical typology, Aspect, Elevation, Ecological conditions, Non-intervention and intervention management) were undergone for deeper knowledge about spatial factors of distribution. The Kyrill windthrow in 2007 caused a creation of windfalls (4.73 km2 ), predominantly made from damaged forested area (3.07...
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Methodology approaches to worksheets design for field teaching of geomorphology
Lorencová, Markéta ; Křížek, Marek (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Methodological approaches to worksheets designed for field teaching of geomorphology Abstract The purpose of this work was to determine whether there are rules and relations when it comes to the methodological approaches to worksheets created for fieldwork in natural sciences. Another object was to analyze the potential of Prague for geomorphological fieldwork. 101 worksheets from natural sciences were analyzed in various categories, based on the research of literature. The data was processed even further with the use of statistics. Interesting geomorphological sights in Prague and their potential for fieldwork were defined after the research of scientific literature. The analysis has shown that those not designed for the use during fieldwork were more diverse than those designed for the use during fieldwork. Worksheets used during fieldwork were found to be more homogenic from the perspective of length, number of questions and the participation of components used in the worksheet. Several locations suitable for geomorphological...
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Changes in spatial extent of dwarf pine stands in the Krkonoše Mts.
Bernhäuserová, Veronika ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Since alpine and subalpine plant communities including shrubs are sensitive to climate change, they are suitable to study the recent climate change. Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) is a shrub widespread above alpine timberlines in the Central and Eastern Europe. In this thesis, I studied changes in cover of dwarf pine in the Krkonoše Mts. To analyze spatial changes in the dwarf pine cover, I used a orthorectifications aerial photographs from two different periods 1958/1964 and 2012. I vectorized two areas from the lower limit of dwarf pine distribution and two areas from the upper limit of its distribution. The results did not support previously reported negative relationship between altitude and shrub expansion. Instead, faster expansion was found in the upper limit of the dwarf pine distribution. In addition, I found positive relationship between expansion of dwarf pine cover and initial length of shrub margins. Length of shrub margins seems to be more important for expansion of dwarf pine in the Krkonoše Mts. than altitude. Keywords: dwarf pine (Pinus mugo), expansion, alpine zone, aerial photographs, climate change
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Changes of the natural environment in southern Africa
Píšová, Šárka ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The diverse region of southern Africa is affected by several changes of the natural environment. This thesis characterizes the region of southern Africa and evaluates the state and development of these natural conditions and environmental problems in four main categories of physical geography - climate, vegetation, soils and water. A literature review is compiled and processed focusing on studies by field experts, which describe the main issues in these categories. Particular problems which the region encounters are described on a global, regional and local scale. The main problems are: changes in temperature and precipitation, land cover change, deforestation, desertification, threats to biodiversity, soil erosion and water availability. Overall, changes of the natural environment in southern Africa are caused by climate change and anthropogenic activity. However, human activities cause a greater impact as a result of their "indirect influence" on climate conditions and "direct influence" on vegetation conditions. Key words: Africa, southern Africa, natural environment, climate, vegetation, soils, water
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