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Environmental stress
Martínková, Zuzana ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Hofmannová, Jitka (referee)
Environment, its condition and environmental factors influence human wellbeing both directly because it has direct impact on human's physical health and indirectly because it can cause stress and therefore have negative effect on wellbeing and health. Aim of this work is to find out which environmental factors and problems can cause stress and what factors, how and why, have impact on emergence of environmental stress and coping strategies. Important factors influencing environmental stress and especially coping strategies are stressor characteristics, perceived impact, coping resources, and especially perceived capability to cope with the stressor which is strongly influenced by information and experience and by behavior of others. An individual chooses passive or active coping strategy depending on these factors. Pro-environmental behavior could be one of these active coping strategies.
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Three case studies of resourse management of tropical ethnic groups in area of Indonesia and Oceania: Siberut, Tikopia, Pingelap
Kavánková, Ludmila ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Bartoš, Michael (referee)
This diploma thesis is based on three case studies discussing three native cultures and their ways of using ecosystem resources. The three studied tribes share following characteristics: they live in tropics, they represent Austronesian ethnolinguistic group and their habitat is a specific detached island. Studying the three chosen traditional island communities on Siberut, Tikopia and Pingelap give us detailed information about the local ways of living, traditional agriculture, land tenure, hunting, breeding and local trade. At the same time it helps us to discover differences of the three examples caused by number of socio-environmental factors as well as to characterize three types of interaction between people and their natural environment. Due to study of chosen tribes it was found out that local traditional way of using ecosystem resources not only allows inhabitants to survive but moreover sustains the natural environment. Therefore, it is proposed that applied principles could be adopted by other tropical places already more influenced by western culture. In such places the main source of food is conventional agriculture which is not perceived as fully sustainable. It was observed that studied communities were following some of the basic principles as tabus or agroforestry. Their main goal is to...
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Visions of the future in relation to the environment of the pupils in fifth grade primary school
Petiška, Eduard ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Jana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to answer following research questions: What are the visions of the future in relation to the environment of the pupils in fifth grade primary school? For this purpose there is submitted conceptual framework that has a foothold in the sociological premises, which optics are viewed by children's imagination. As a major phenomenon, which falls on children's vision, is defined the process of individualization. That translates into a perception of the future, while attention is paid to its impact on gender as well as on understanding of responsibility. The issue of risk perception in the context of contemporary society is described too. The conceptual starting point of insertion includes primarily theoretical works by Z. Bauman, U. Beck, A. Giddens and M. Maniates. The theoretical part also discusses the role of children in society and the concept of sustainable development. Finally, it is submitted that the involvement of children (and their imagination to create the future) can have a positive influence not only for themselves, but for the whole society. The theoretical part concludes with a research that is focused on children's perceptions of the future and individualization abroad and at home. The methodical part includes the methodology that is used, in...
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Animals in rituals of Czech hunters today
Erben, Jakub ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Sosna, Daniel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the rituals of hunting and animals that are in them, directly or indirectly emerge and with which they are associated. It does so by using qualitative methods, namely the techniques of observation and interviews. The research results are presented in the form of a story that brings us how it is with the hunts, how such hunts look like and what all may be associated context furlongs. The thesis is divided into two main parts - theoretical, where we present the current knowledge of rituals and hunting - and empirical where this knowledge is deepened and disseminated through the interpretation of the results of my anthropological research. According relation to hunting, hunters can be distinguished as culls, hunters and hunters without morals. Hunters attach importance to rituals differently depending on various factors, among which is their devotion to hunting and general relationship that it has. Rituals have a unifying power, while not practising them separate those individuals from the ones that identify themselves with the community. In the context of hunting we talk about the so-called fee hunts, which are perceived by the respondents as a necessary evil, which may have a positive impact not only on hunting, though. Key words: hunters, rituals, animals Powered by...
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Attitudes of zoologists and general public on breeding of different groups of mammals kept in zoo
Vágnerová, Kristýna ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Karadžos, Alexis (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to answer the question how differ the attitudes of zoologists and general public on suitability of various mammals kept in zoos. The theory of cultural stereotypes is theoretical starting point where i assume that evaluation is influenced on the basis of cultural stereotypes among general public (n = 100) versus expert evaluation of graduates of zoology (n = 60). Questionnaire with a scale enumeration concerning the assessment of the suitability of selected groups of mammals for breeding in zoos was used as the main data collection instrument. Results of the survey showed that experts evaluated the suitability of mamals for breeding in zoo more positive than laymens in general. According general public were equines and rodents rated as relatively unsuitable for breeding in zoos in comparison with expert evaluation. Elephant, orangutan, platypus, tiger, bear and cheetah were rated as relatively suitable for breeding in zoos by general public against expert evaluation. The possible interpretation might be that these mammals belong to the most popular and therefore respondents want to experience personal contact with them. Statistical testing found no gender differences in the rating. Key words: zoos, public attitudes, zoologists' attitudes, mammals, cultural stereotypes,...
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Ecotourism in Balikpapan Bay
Šamšulová, Martina ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Pixová, Michaela (referee)
Tourism in tropical areas represents the fastest-growing branch of tertiary sector. The Balikpapan Bay (Eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia) is partly covered by mangroves and remains of primeval tropical forest that are extraordinary for their unique biodiversity. To avoid over-exploitation of described destination, detailed analysis of the evolving tourism and implementation of its sustainable form - ecotourism is necessary. The submitted project builds on one of the latest topics of longitudinal research running by Stanislav Lhota, PhD. in this area. Supervisor of this thesis, Radek Trnka, PhD. also joined the research in its beginning in 2005. Description and evaluation of current condition of ecotourism in Balikpapan Bay area is the main goal of the diploma thesis. Therefore, activities of organizations acting on natural tourism field, and which are connected with ecotourism, were analyzed in depth. The semi-annual field research was done in the area of Balikpapan Bay, while a combination of several qualitative techniques, especially participant and non- participant observation and semi-structured interviews as well as document analysis marginally, was used for data collection. The research brought several main findings. Concept ecotourism is perceived as an educative nature-based tourism by...
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Music Pollution In Public Places
Bryšková, Jarmila ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Kamenický, Matej (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on issues connected with music pollution, which has an impact on us whenever we are near noisy, disturbing and irritating music that we have to listen to involuntarily. We are exposed to this kind of noise on daily basis and we usually ignore the consequences it may bring. This thesis consists of two parts. The theoretical part describes the main characteristics, with made research and the most common forms of musical noise - musical coulisse, background music. The main source of information was my questionnaire filled in by 136 respondents. It presents a complex overview on this poorly analyzed and complicated issue as well as shows in which public places we are exposed to the music pollution frequently and how we perceive it. As the main result of my study I consider the finding that majority of people find a musical noise in public places disturbing. The most irritating places seem to be restaurants and waiting rooms. However some silent music is rather required in places like restaurants, coffee shops and waiting rooms. Younger generation prefers loud music in shops, in contrary to middle age respondents that would prefer silent music. People are usually not protecting themselves much against a musical noise. And if yes, they try to sort it out by negotiations - in...
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Two faces of ZOO - perception of zoos from the view of their supporters and opponents
Tempírová, Lenka ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Šusta, František (referee)
Two faces of ZOO Perception of zoos from the view of their supporters and opponents The main topic of this thesis is a role of zoological gardens in the modern society, especially their importance to conservation of biodiversity as well as to progress in public education. I was interested not only in the opinions and the attitudes of the supporters of zoological gardens, but also in views of their opponents as the opposite side. In the case of the opponents I wanted to reveal if their criticism of zoos is based on negative emotions (bad feeling from breeding animals in captivity and thinking about their rights to freedom) or rise from real inadequacies (for example bad living conditions of animals). So in the theoretical part of the thesis I was concerned about contributions of zoological gardens in many ways as well as about their limitations, mostly mentioned by their opponents. To be more precise in drawing conclusions I made my own empirical research which was based on questionnaires and interviews with directors of certain zoos in the Czech Republic. The main aim of my research was not only a usual opinion poll, but also a detection of differences in opinions and personal characteristics between supporters and opponents of zoos. I also wanted to find out which aspects of zoos are highly...
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Subjective well-being: Approaches and evaluations in EU - 15 and the Czech republic
Hemala, Jakub ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Třebický, Viktor (referee)
The main topic of the diploma thesis "Subjective wellbeing: approaches and evaluation in EU-15 and in the Czech Republic" is the subjective wellbeing and its conceptualization, especially the importance of this concept in the field of measurement and assessment of the progress and of the development of societies, which are sustainable. The thesis analyses the documents, which are published in the countries of EU-15 to cover the topic of the national strategies for sustainable development. The analysis considers the extent of the relevance of these documents from the perspective of including the concept of subjective wellbeing (with happiness, quality of life, satisfaction) in the texts and it also examines the wellbeig indicators, which are implemented in these texts and which are relative to the factors with certain influence on the level of personal or social wellbeing. The analysis is interested in the study of Czech documents relevant to this topic as well (The Czech Republic's Strategic Framework for Sustainable Development and Progress report). The aim of this particular study is to identify the expressed explicit and also implicit signs of the subjective wellbeing. The last part of the analysis tries to answer the question, whether the required data, which can be used for the construction of...
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