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Contribution to radiodiagnostics and to treatment of chosen pathological lesions of femur in childhood and in adults
Horák, Martin ; Poučková, Pavla (advisor) ; Marek, Josef (referee) ; Vítek, František (referee)
7 Abstract (AJ) Introduction Radiology examination using specialized modern imaging methods, including CT and MRI, is essential in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The first part of the dissertation deals with certain congenital defects of the short femur, known in the literature as proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD). This part summarizes our experience with the radiological findings in the preoperative and postoperative period, with the main attention to the vascular supply to the affected area. The second part of the presentation deals with some aspects of autologous chondrocyte transplantation fixed at two different carriers implanted into post-traumatic articular cartilage defects of the distal femur. Radiological findings are evaluated in the relation to the histopathological findings. Objectives The first part of the study after the distribution of patients with PFFD by current commonly used radiographic classification sets the objective in the extent of scans of the hip joints to specify diagnosis PFFD in each patient and to evaluate in detail changes in the area of disability, especially a course of blood vessels. The evaluation of the radiation burden of repeated X-ray measurements was done with respect to the age of the patients. Tissue samples...
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The mechanism of regulation of NMDA receptors transport to the cell surface
Lichnerová, Katarína ; Horák, Martin (advisor) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee)
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors, involved in excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. They form heterotetrameric complexes composed of GluN1, GluN2A-D and/or GluN3A-B subunits that are activated by glutamate and glycine. Previous reports showed that different subunits of NMDA receptors, especially the GluN2 subunits, confer different functional and pharmacological properties on the receptor complexes. However, the subunit-dependent differences in the regulation of intracellular processing and transport of NMDA receptor subtypes has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this work was to clarify the mechanisms of regulation of the NMDA receptor transport. In our experiments we performed immunocytochemistry of receptors on heterologous COS-7 cells and cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGC), both expressing recombinant NMDA receptors. The results of my work show that the transport of NMDA receptors is regulated by presence of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits. Our results further showed that transport of the GluN1/GluN2C receptors is regulated by three specific areas of the GluN2C subunit: i) the A2 segment within the amino- terminal domain, ii.) the M3 domain, and iii.) the proximal part of the C-terminus containing the...
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Effect of calcium ions and cholesterol on channel forming activity of Adenylate-cyclase toxin
Doktorová, Eliška ; Fišer, Radovan (advisor) ; Horák, Martin (referee)
1 Abstract Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is one of the major virulence factors of bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which is a causative agent of whooping cough. CyaA belongs to the family of RTX toxin-hemolysins. The toxin targets primarily cells expressing integrin receptor CD11b/CD18 but it can also penetrate cells lacking this receptor. CyaA acts on host cells by two independent activities. One is formation of small cation-selective channels, which can lead to colloid osmotic lysis of target cells. The second is disruption of cell signaling through the translocation of the adenylate cyclase (AC) domain to host cell cytosol, which leads to the conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP. It was recently shown that cholesterol affects endocytosis of CyaA. CyaA translocates it's AC domain after relocation of CyaA molecule to the cholesterol-rich lipid raft (Bumba et al. 2010). In this work I examined the effect of cholesterol on channel- forming activity and selectivity of ion channels created by CyaA. For measurements I used artificial membranes enriched with cholesterol. CyaA channels are voltage-dependent. The positive membrane potential on the side of toxin is rquired for incorporation of CyaA molecule into cell membrane. I tried to find out whether the value of voltage has effect on channels opening time....
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Defect detection
Horák, Martin ; Boštík, Ondřej (referee) ; Richter, Miloslav (advisor)
Vizuální inspekce desek plošných spoju (DPS) lidmi se stává nemožná z důvodu zvyšující se komplexity a miniaturizace desek plošných spoju. K dosažení vysoké spolehlivosti DPS jsou výrobci nuceni vyvíjet nové metody inspekce, které by zajistily kontinuální kontrolu každé desky a oddělily ty, které nesplňují požadavky na jakost. Jednou z možností je použít automatickou rentgenovou inspekci, kterou se zabývá tato práce.
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Interaction of polyomaviruses with proteasomal system of host cell
Verdánová, Martina ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Horák, Martin (referee)
Interaction of polyomaviruses with proteasomal system of host cells Abstract: Viral family Polyomaviridae includes besides model organisms - mouse polyomavirus and SV40 virus, also human pathogens, for example, BK virus. Polyomaviruses are small non- enveloped viruses with double-stranded DNA. Understanding of their life cycle is important for their use in gene therapy and immunotherapy as well as for prevention and treatment of complications caused by these viruses. This thesis is focused on early phases of MPyV and SV40 infection studying, mainly on delivery of viral genome to nucleus and role of proteasomal system in this stage of infection. It was found out that inhibition of proteasomes by specific inhibitor leads to increase of early non-structural protein LT expression, which was chosen as marker for viral entry to the nucleus and successful viral expression. Relative localization of proteasomes and VP1 protein of MPyV and SV40 was monitored and it showed 10% colocalization of mentioned structures. Further, it was found out that proteasomal inhibitor MG-132 negatively influences the replication of both viral and cellular DNA. Next aim of this diploma thesis was to prepare antigen - unique part of VP2 protein of BKV - for producing antibody. Expression vector with inserted fragment of unique part of...
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The Role of Evidence in Civil Trial
Horák, Martin ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Smolík, Petr (referee)
This paper focuses both on the development of the historical role of evidence and proof in a civil trial and the current rules of evidence before the civil courts. The work deals with the description of the fundamental principles of civil procedure relating to the evidence, the individual characteristics of evidence and the evidence itself before the Court of the First Instance and the Court of the Second Instance. The paper also describes the impact of the amendment no. 7 / 2009 of the civil procedure code, which has significantly affected the conditions of evidence in the Czech civil trial and does not miss out the issue as evidence in civil matters within the EU.
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The behavioral effects of NMDA receptor antagonists
Chvojková, Markéta ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Horák, Martin (referee)
NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors are glutamate-gated ion channels, which are located in the central nervous system. They permit excitatory neurotransmission and are crucial for synaptic plasticity and other functions, but on the other hand for excitotoxicity. By the administration of NMDA receptor antagonists it would be possible to restrict the consequences of excessive glutamate exposure. However, the use of many of these drugs is made impossible by their serious behavioral side effects. NMDA receptor antagonists can influence cognitive and motor functions in laboratory animals and also in humans, and can cause temporary psychosis. These negative behavioral effects are most pronounced in the case of non-competitive antagonists. Conversely, the behavioral side effects of uncompetitive antagonists, antagonists selective for NMDA receptors containing a NR2B subunit or NMDA receptor glycine binding site antagonists are milder. From a clinical point of view, some other behavioral effects of NMDA receptor antagonists are beneficial. These effects include anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and also an alleviation of cognitive deficit and behavioral aberration in Alzheimer's disease through the administration of memantine. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the main behavioral effects known to us of...
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Johann Anton Quitainer's contribution to the sculptural decoration of the Strahov monastery in Prague. An examination of the relations between the late baroque sculptor and his patron
Hořák, Martin ; Hladík, Tomáš (referee) ; Horyna, Martin (advisor)
The subject of the diploma work is the creative contribution of Johann Anton Quitainer (1709-1765) to the Premonstratensian monastery in Strahov. The diploma work seeks to elucidate both the artistic character of Quitainer's Strahov undertaking, and the circumstances that led to it to being commissioned under the abbots Mariannus Hermann and Gabriel Václav Kaspar. The first part of the diploma worh is titled "The Artist" and is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter the author looks at the history of the Quitainer family and argues that this should be sought near the town of Mohelnice (Müglitz) in the north of Moravia. The second chapter outlines the most important works by J. A. Quitainer and his father Andreas Philipp. The third chapter places the work of the younger Quitainer in the context of contemporary Prague sculpture. The second part of the diploma work is entitled "The Patron" and comprises two chapters. The first describes the celebrations in 1727 marking the hundredth anniversary of the remains of Saint Norbet, the founder of the Premonstratensian Order, being brought to Prague. There then follows a description of the Monastery's history during the wars under the rule of the queen Maria Theresa, and the building's extensive destruction in 1742. The next chapter describes the origin of...
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