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French cleft sentences and their counterparts in Czech and in Spanish
Dubišarová, Zdislava ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Mudrochová, Radka (referee)
French cleft sentences and their counterparts in Czech and in Spanish The aim of this thesis is to describe the impact of the thematic-rhematic structure to the occurrence of cleft sentences in French language using the theory of functional sentence perspective, also, this thesis searches possible Czech and Spanish equivalents of this structure in literature. In both of these languages exist cleft sentences, however we can also find other ways in how to divide the sentence to the theme and rheme parts, which, also means various ways on how to translate this French structure. Within the theory of functional sentence perspective we will describe the differences between the syntax of these three languages which imply the use of different linguistic resources to connect the language utterance to the context and also to emphasize one constituent of the sentence. One of the aims of this thesis is to find and describe actually used translations of this structure from French language to Czech language and to Spanish language, their variability, frequency depending on the type of text and last but not least, other factors affecting the choice of the translation. The thesis is aiming to connect the findings from theoretical and practical part so we can find out which language resources are possible to be...
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Pragmatic meaning of diminutives in French
Jandeková, Kateřina ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Mudrochová, Radka (referee)
Key words: diminution, apostrophe, pragmatics, speech situation, linguistic corpora Abstract: This master's thesis deals with pragmatic use of diminutives in French. The theoretical part defines the category of diminutives and possibilities of their classification, in particular with regards to their pragmatic use. Following Dressler-Merlini Barbaresi's model, this thesis accentuates emotional component of diminutives besides the traditional interpretation of dimensional meaning employed in child-centered speech situations, pet-centered speech situations and lover-centered speech situations. The master's thesis focuses on affected apostrophes. Between those hypocorisms in French, besides other forms, one can also find diminutive forms. The language materials for the empirical analysis are subcorpora of film subtitles and fiction in parallel linguistic corpora InterCorp aligned French-Czech. This alignment with Czech language on one hand serves to more efficient search of diminutives in pragmatic speech situations in French, on the other hand it serves to contrastive analysis. We used also monolinguistic corpora FRANTEXT and SYN2015 to demonstrate the frequency of diminutives forms in apostrophe in Czech and French. In the empirical part we analyze which diminutives are employed in those speech situations...
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Concessive connectives pourtant, cependant, toutefois, néanmoins, quand même, tout de même in French
Štěpánová, Veronika ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Mudrochová, Radka (referee)
Key words: connective, concession, concessive adverb, concessive connective, compétition Abstract: The diploma thesis "Les connecteurs concessifs pourtant, cependant, toutefois, néanmoins, quand même, tout de même" consists of three parts. The goal of the first part was to explain the notion of "concessive connective" (connecteur concessif) in a synchronic perspective. This first part consists on one hand in an attempt to explain the concessive relation (concession), on the other in a definition of the category of concessive connectives used in temporary French. The second part of this diploma thesis is dedicated to a diachronic and quantity-based study of the examined quasi-synonyms for the purpose of clarification of their frequency and competition regarding their usage down to the present day. In addition to these two parts, we reflect in the third part on the current use of concessive connectives, i.e. their use in contemporary written, spoken and pseudo-spoken language (on the Internet).
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Concessive construction "avoir beau" and its equivalents in German and Czech
Drobník, Ondřej ; Venušová, Alena (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
(in English): The topic of this Bachelor thesis is the French concessive structure avoir beau and its equivalents in Czech and German. The thesis explains the notion of concession as an abstract meaning expressing an invalid cause and describes the ways of expressing the concession in Czech, in German and in French. In addition, French offers a unique verbal construction avoir beau, which is associated with an infinitive and acquires its concessive meaning by contrasting with the subordinated clause. Its most frequently found equivalents in Czech are e.g. marně, ačkoli, adjectives prefixed by sebe-, etc. German translates avoir beau most often by preposition trotz, adverbs vergeblich, umsonst, conjunctions obwohl, obzwar, etc., or modal verbs können, wollen and mögen. In the end, it was shown that in the search for a suitable equivalent, the translated sentences can be almost arbitrarily transformed, without much semantic harm.
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Attributive absolute constructions in contemporary French
Lipská, Karolína ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Venušová, Alena (referee)
Attributive absolute constructions in contemporary French The aim of this master thesis is a detailed analysis of French attributive absolute constructions (att. AC) with emphasis on their semantic characteristics. Att. AC is an example of what is called "secondary predication", i.e. a non-finite predicative structure modifying the primary predication, see a typical example "les yeux fermés", 'the eyes closed', in the sentence "Marie est assise, les yeux fermés.", 'Mary sits with her eyes closed.'. The main function of the att. AC is the modification of the head noun through the relation of inalienable possession (IP), or a part - whole relation, between this noun, which is mostly a human being, and an entity conceptualized in the att. AC. The thesis finds its main source in a monograph about AC written by Suzanne Hanon (1989), which is here completed by a qualitative analysis of syntactic and semantic factors that come into play in the formation of att. AC. Att. AC are approached form the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics and Construction Grammar as conceptualizations of the IP (or part - whole) paradigm and it is proposed their description as a prototype-based category with some instances more typical (see the example above) than others (e.g. att. AC with an adverbial function or modifying an...
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French pronoun on and its counterparts in Czech and Spanish
Vítková, Alžběta ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Mudrochová, Radka (referee)
This bachelor's thesis French pronoun on and its counterparts in Czech and Spanish deals with the referential plurality of the French pronoun on. A special attention is paid to the degree of reference's determination. The theoretical part presents different perspectives of the study of this pronoun and of its meaning. Then, evolution of its use as well as types of its counterparts in Czech and Spanish are introduced. The empirical part analyses data excerpted from the parallel corpus InterCorp. It demonstrates that counterparts in Czech and Spanish are usually classified in different formal types. However, the degrees of reference determination in Czech and Spanish correspond in more than a half of instances. Research shows that the reference's determination is defined by the context (immediate, large and extralinguistic as well), nevertheless an objective universal determination remains impossible. Moreover, legal texts tend to employ the lowest degree of determination while the degrees of determination in fiction seem to be quite equally spread.
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French nasal vowels: Their perception and realization in case of Czech native speakers
Kubešová, Tereza ; Nováková, Sylva (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on realization of French nasal vowels, more precisely on their recognition in the text and subsequent realization by Czech native speakers. The thesis is based on the assumption that the realization of the nasal vowels is quite difficult for Czech speakers, due to the absence of these phones in the Czech language. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the description of the French phonological system and its phones. In more detail, it deals with French nasal vowels. Furthermore, the main differences between the French and Czech phonological system are analyzed. Finally, there is a short discussion of French orthoepy. The practical part of this work consists mainly of the analysis of the Czech students' recordings and the analysis of their mistakes in realization of nasal vowels. The aim is to confirm the initial assumption that nasal vowels cause difficulties for the Czech audience. Finally, this paper presents a brief insight into the French textbooks, and how they deal with the problem, namely, the nasal vowels. Key words: Nasal vowel, phone, phoneme, phonetics, phonology, pronunciation
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The Issue of the Resyllabification in Spoken French: Theory and Pedagogical Application
Křivancová, Zdeňka ; Nováková, Sylva (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
The first part of the bachelor thesis describes the phenomenon of the resyllabification in French which exists as the consequence of the realization of liaison, "enchaînement consonantique" and disappearance of the mute-e in the flow of speech. Practical part of the thesis analyses the results of the reading skills research carried out within a selected group of Czech students in comparison with a group of native speakers. The pedagogical application part is looking at the French textbooks focusing on this phenomenon. Key words: phonetics, resyllabification, pronunciation, liaison, enchaînement consonantique, mute-e
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Language mistakes in formal e-mail communication in French and their impact on the achievement of the communication goal
Baštová, Tereza ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Mudrochová, Radka (referee)
v anglickém jazyce The aim of this thesis is to analyze language problems in the uncorrected written speech of French native speakers. Examined snippets come from electronic communication between clients and the service provider. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part is focused on defining the term "error", classifying language problems by levels and pragmatic aspects of e-mail communication. The second part of the thesis is divided into two chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of language problems in the context of individual texts and the assessment of their importance for achieving the communication goal. This analysis is carried out on the basis of the criteria from the theoretical part. The second chapter will be devoted to a questionnaire on this issue between native speakers and their reactions. At the end of the paper, we summarize the results. KEY WORDS: French, mistake, spelling, email communication, pragmatics
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Comparative Study of Reporting Clauses in English and French
Khomiakova, Sofiia ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Mudrochová, Radka (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on semantic diversity of reporting verbs in French and English fiction. Among these verbs there are not only neutral or semantically marked transitive speech verbs but also intransitive ones or those that do not belong to the category of speech verbs but express different circumstances of a speech act. The objective of the thesis is to provide a contrastive analysis of reporting verbs in original and translated English and French fiction texts, their classification and evaluation of different factors that potentially affect their selection. The topic will be studied on the basis of the data from the parallel corpus Intercorp. The thesis attempts to contribute to a better understanding of reporting clauses. The outlined findings may be helpful especially to translators and fiction writers.
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