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Mathematical Modelling of Vehicle Fuel Consumption
Dražka, Jan ; Novotný, Jan (referee) ; Popela, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with a model building of vehlicle’s model based on real data and with a modelling of it’s movement and it’s fuel consumption. The thesis includes a preparation of input data as well as model building. The main aim of the thesis is the comparison among selected driving modes from the point of fuel consumption and it’s optimization. This comparison is simulated in MATLAB environement and GAMS with the use of selected optimization algorithms.
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The dynamics of value comovement across global equity markets
Gupta, M. ; Novotný, Jan
The ratio between share price and current earnings per share, the Price Earning (PE) ratio, is widely considered to be an effective gauge of under/overvaluation of a corporation’s stock. Arguably, a more reliable indicator, the Cyclically-Adjusted Price Earning ratio or CAPE, can be obtained by replacing current earnings with a measure of permanent earnings i.e. the profits that a corporation is able to earn, on average, over the medium to long run. In this study, we aim to understand the cross-sectional aspects of the dynamics of the valuation metrics across global stock markets including both developed and emerging markets. We use a time varying DCC model to exploit the dynamics in correlations, by introducing the notion of value spread between CAPE and the respective Market Index from 2002 to 2014 for 34 countries. Value spread is statistically significant during the 2008 crisis for asset allocation. The signal can be utilized for better asset allocation as it allows one to interpret the common movements in the stock market for under/overvaluation trends. These estimates clearly indicate periods of misvaluation in our sample. Furthermore, our simulations suggest that the model can provide early warning signs for asset mispricing in real time on a global scale and formation of asset bubbles.
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Financial assets in the financial statements of the investor in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany
Čechová, Michaela ; Skálová, Jana (advisor) ; Novotný, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the comparison of the accounting systems in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany with a focus on financial assets from the investor's perspective. Although both countries being members of the European Union successfully implemented the European Directive no. 2013/34/EU, we can hardly address comparability financial reporting in financial assets. Firstly, the thesis defines the generally accepted accounting principles and legal regulation of accounting procedure on which the accounting system of examined countries are based. Afterwards, each balance sheet position of financial assets will be described. The most important issue of this thesis is the valuation of financial assets, which differs across accounting systems. The practical part contains an analysis of the financial statements of significant companies from both countries, focusing on the balance sheet position and valuation methods. The thesis intent to demonstrate the diametrical differences in the valuation of financial assets, even though they are consistent with the EU legislation.
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Hedge accounting
Kuznetsov, Vladyslav ; Novotný, Jan (advisor) ; Procházka, David (referee)
This bachelor thesis is about hedge accounting according to IFRS. The IFRS standards used nowadays are summarized, especially those which regulate hedge accounting as of today. This thesis also includes simplified examples, which relate to the issues raised, and which should show the reader the possible applications of hedge accounting according to the IFRS. The examples give the reader the basic overview of hedge relationship documentation, effectiveness testing, and designation of hedge relationship.
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Competitiveness of rail in long-distance passenger transport
Knotek, Lukáš ; Zelený, Lubomír (advisor) ; Novotný, Jan (referee)
This master's thesis describes the current state of passenger rail transport and the most important long-distance projects in Europe in the 20th century. It also deals with current changes in the European rail market and its further development. The aim of this master's thesis is to analyze the state of long-distance rail passenger transport in the Czech Republic and abroad, a general view on the high speed rail, which is described in terms of its development, technology, benefits and costs and the analysis of the competitiveness of high speed rail compared to air transport from a user's perspective. This thesis also solves possible relations between high speed rail and other means of transport and whether high speed rail could be competitive in the Praha -- Brno line.
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A methodology for assessing the impact of cattle grazing on soil properties, water quality and quantity, plant and invertebrates diversity
Fučík, P. ; Zemek, František ; Hakrová, P. ; Svobodová, M. ; Zajíček, A. ; Šlachta, M. ; Pikl, Miroslav ; Duffková, R. ; Mrkvička, J. ; Bystřický, V. ; Procházka, J. ; Skalický, M. ; Holubík, O. ; Moravcová, J. ; Novotný, Jan ; Skalická, J. ; Peterková, J. ; Musil, M. ; Šantrůček, J. ; Matoušková, V. ; Brom, J. ; Hanuš, Jan ; Novotná, K. ; Huislová, P.
This methodology introduces the approaches for assessment of soil, water, plant, forage and invertebrates characteristics of pastures as influenced by cattle grazing. These parameters are necessary to observe and evaluate in order to set the optimal grazing management of pastures for support of the sustainable land use and for mitigating the negative impacts of agriculture on the environment. Moreover, the proper management of pastures enables to improve livestock welfare, market challenges of foods, and strenghten and diversify various activities in rural areas. For the assessment of grazing-induced changes of aforementioned parameters, the focus is oriented towards different pasture geomorphological / hillslope zones, where grazing may exhibit in a distinct manner. The approaches are postponed based on literature survey as well as on knowledge acquired during a multi-branch research project. The methodology shows the principles for monitoring and evaluation of parameters regarding soil physics and chemistry, water quality and quantity, plant diversity and forage quality and ecology of selected invertebrate species. Beside this, approaches for application and interpretation of remote sensing methods and tools for detecting the changes in plant and soil pasture characteristics are introduced and discussed. The methodics is targeted on one hand for specialist from state administration offices (Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of the Environment) as a background for evaluation of the effectiveness of subsidy programmes focused on grazing management. On the other hand, the approaches described in the methodics can serve the experts for an integrated assessment of grazing management on various pasture parameters or on the environment. The novelty of the methodics lies in the multi-level approach, which enables to assess the pasture parameters both individually or jointly, according to their mutual interrelatons and possible driving factors.
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Mathematical methods of modelling the morphology of spruce trees
Janoutová, Růžena ; Novotný, Jan ; Pivovarník, Marek ; Zemek, František
Radiative transfer (RT) models are simulation tools which can be used to quantify relationships between vegetation canopy properties and observed remotely sensed data. Th is study aims at creating a spruce tree growth model as a key input for use in RT models. Th e spruce tree model is built on data obtained from terrestrial laser scanning of spruce trees. Each tree model is unique. Th is uniqueness is achieved by using L-systems which are able to simulate natural randomness while complying with the given tree parameters. L-systems are established on a theory of grammar that enables rewriting a string of symbols according to specifi ed rewriting rules. In practice, our tree models are generated in Blender visualization soft ware, implementing an algorithm written in Python. Th e algorithm generates the basic parameters of the whole tree and then creates the parameters of the spruce trunk and initial branches. Th e parameters are generated randomly within a range that is calculated from measured data. Th en each branch is grown on the basis of annual increments defi ned by fi eld measurements. Tree needles are distributed with respect to the age of individual branches; therefore, the needles have diff erent colours according to their age. Cones and faces are graphical representations of the spruce model. Branches are represented by cones and needles are represented by faces around the branches. Th e faces are transparent, thus simulating light transmittance in-between the needles. The whole model is highly computationally demanding, especially with respect to computer memory.
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Segmentation of tree crowns from airborne hyperspectral and lidar data: method comparison
Novotný, Jan ; Zemek, František
Structural and spectral information on single trees is needed for diff erent purposes in forest research and its applications. It can help, e.g., to explain the physiological performance of trees, to improve a parameterization of radiative transfer models, to estimate more precisely tree biomass or tree health status. Th is technical note aims at informing about the basic steps in the use of two categories of airborne digital data for tree crown segmentation: 1) passive multispectral (MS) and hyperspectral (HS) data; 2) active laser scanning (LiDAR) data. Basic assumptions of data quality and their pre-processing chains are mentioned for both data categories, followed by an analytical description of the basic steps in crown segmentation: a) detection of individual trees; b) delineation of a projected tree crown. Methods related to each data category and their common use are compared. As a result, synergic application of HS and laser scanning data resulted in the highest precision of tree crown delineation.
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Provisions in czech accounting legislative and IFRS
Novotný, Libor ; Novotný, Jan (advisor) ; Roubíčková, Jaroslava (referee)
Bachelor thesis compares two views of reporting reserves, where the first sight of the reserves is presented by the Czech legislation, other view is in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. The thesis initially used in the theoretical part, where it focuses on the essential definition, classification provisions, reason for the creation of provisions, etc. In the provisions according to Czech law provisions are analyzed and their impact on the tax base in the Czech Republic. In the practical part we find examples comparing the most important differences between the two methods.
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