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The in vitro effects of selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta
Novýsedláková, Alena ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Alena Novýsedláková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, PhD. Title of Thesis: In vitro effects od selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the selected isoflavonoids are able to vasodilate aorta, what structural features might be responsible for a relaxing activity and estimate the mechanism of action. The experiment we carried out the classical in vitro method on the isolated rat aorta, and the results evaluated by the computer program GraphPad. Only glycitin did not show statistically significant relaxation of blood vessels, which can be attributed to ineffective glycosidic form. Other izoflavonoids- glycitein, daidzein and tectorigenin seem to be promising in terms of potential vasodilatation. Further studies would be needed to verify also the in vivo effects. Likely structural features include the hydroxy group at 7-position and a methoxy group at position 8 of the core od isoflavonoids. The mechanism of action is not yet known, but most likely appears endothelium-dependent mechanisms, alpha 1 receptor antagonism and agonism of muscarinic M3 receptor. It may be also involved in the effect of the antioxidant and...
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Pharmacotherapy of dermatophytoses
Procházková, Bohumila ; Hrdina, Radomír (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Bohumila Procházková Supervisor: Prof. MUDr. Radomír Hrdina, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacotherapy of dermatophytoses The diploma thesis deals with therapy of dermatophytoses. The first section of theoretical part deals with etiology - the dermatophytoses causal agents. There are characterized the most frequent dermatophytes types, including their microscopic as well as macroscopic appearance description. Following sections describe the fungal infections diagnostic methods and individual types of dermatophytoses. The characteristic symptoms of dermatophytoses are also included. The main part of the diploma thesis deals with the therapy. Antimycotics are divided into several groups according to their chemical structure. The mechanism of action is described for every group. Each drug is characterized by indications, contraindications, side effects, drug interactions and dosages.
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Comparison of iron-chelating properties of synthetic iron chelators
Zárubová, Pavla ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
in English Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Pavla Zárubová Tutor: Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Name of thesis: Comparison of iron-chelating properties of synthetic iron chelators Iron is an essential element for living cells. Both lack of iron (sideropenia) and iron overload can be dangerous for the organism. Thus, iron homeostasis is maintained on the cellular and whole body levels. Sideropenia may occur as a consequence of increased blood loss/ increased iron need (menarche, gravidity, lactation), lack of iron in food or in derangements of gastrointestinal tract. Iron excess can be caused by acute intoxication, dangerous mainly in children, and also in chronic poisoning, caused by hereditary disorders or especially by frequent blood transfusions during the treatment of some haematological diseases. Iron chelators are a wide group of chemical substances with very variable structure. They have been used therapeutically in different indications for many years and other indications are being researched recently. Traditionally, they are used for chelation therapy in acute intoxication and in chronic iron overload, nowadays they are in the center of research attention in association with cancer and neurodegenerative...
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In vitro effects of some quinazoline derivatives on isolated rat trachea
Zarzycká, Lenka ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Lenka Zarzycká Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro effects of some quinazoline derivatives on isolated rat trachea Adhatoda vasica (syn. Justicia adhatoda) is especially used for treatment asthma in a folk medicine. Its main effective substance is an isoquinoline alkaloid vasicine. The aim of this study was to determine the bronchodilator effects of the new izoquinoline derivatives, 4-(3- (piperidine-1-yl)propyloxy)quinazoline-1-oxide (VN-024) and 2-(3-(piperidine-1- yl)propylsulphanyl)quinoxaline hydrochloride (VN-034). To determine bronchodilator effect of research substances we used the methodology of isolated rat trachea. At first, we contracted rat trachea by carbachol and gradually relax by the cumulative addition of test substance. At the end of the experiment, the maximum tracheal relaxation was induced by theophylline (10-2 M). At program GraphPad we calculated EC50 from the curves values of tested compounds and obtained results were compared with the dilatation effect of theophylline. Both tested substances in compare EC50 values showed much higher bronchodilator effect than theophylline.
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Pharmacological characterization of human monoglyceride lipase cystein mutants
Kařízková, Julie ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Julie Kařízková Supervisors: Docent Jarmo T. Laitinen, Ph.D., Juha R. Savinainen, Ph.D., PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacological characterization of human monoglyceride lipase cystein mutants The therapeutic and psychotropic potential of Cannabis Sativa has been known for ages but the biochemical basis of physiological processes behind the scene was only recently revealed. The most psychotropic constituent of the plant, tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), hits the function of the endocannabinoid system which includes the endocannabinoids, metabolic enzymes for the biosynthesis and degradation, and cannabinoid receptors which all were discovered and described quite recently. Through the past 20 years, more and more chemical compounds are being classified or at least studied as the endogenous ligands of the cannabinoid receptors, although the two most famous, explored and plentiful compounds are anandamide (AEA) and the primary endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The most frequent manner of 2-AG-degradation is enzymatic hydrolysis by monoglyceride lipase (MGL) and α/β-hydrolase domain-containing proteins ABHD6 and ABHD12. MGL has several critical...
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Biological therapy of asthma
Jirásková, Petra ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Petra Jirásková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: BIOLOGICAL THERAPY OF ASTHMA This thesis provides an overview of approaches to biological treatment of asthma. The first part deals with a brief description of the disease, and further gives basic information on the preparation of monoclonal antibodies, their structure and mechanisms of action. The second part of this work is focused on biological treatment. Biologics are divided into groups according to their target structures. In each of them, basic features of the most important drugs applied in this indication as well as the results obtained are summarized. Collecting and comparing literature data has been the basic method of work. Foreign- -language medical and pharmaceutical articles published by periodicals and various clinical studies have been the most important sources.
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Study of drug renal transport in vitro
Loužecká, Jana ; Trejtnar, František (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
1 ABSTRACT 2 The finding of increased expression of certain types of regulatory peptide receptors in some tumors led to research on regulatory peptide analogs as potential receptor-specific radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and tumor-targeted therapy. Analogues of gastrin and cholecystokinin belong to one of the perspective groups. However, accumulation of radiopeptides in the renal tissue may cause radiotoxic renal damage and may limit their clinical use. Study of renal mechanisms is therefore an essential premise for further developments in this group. The aim of this work was to study in vitro the rate of renal accumulation of gastrin derivatives, DOTA-minigastrins (DOTA-MG), labeled with indium-111, and to examine general mechanisms responsible for their uptake in kidney cells. Accumulation of three compounds, 111 In-DOTA-MG11, 111 In-DOTA-MG45 and 111 In-DOTA-MG46 was evaluated using a renal cellular model. Experiments were carried out using isolated rat cells obtained from native rat renal kidney tissue. The renal cells were used to determine the rate of accumulation of 111 In-minigastrins. To evaluate the participation of active and passive transport mechanisms in the renal uptake, accumulation under physiological and decreased temperature was determined. To assess the quantitaty of 111...
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Attitude of Smokers Towards the Problem of Smoking
Štěrbáčková, Nora ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
This thesis talks about the problems of dependence on nicotine and the problems on quitting smoking. It gives us a brief overview about the possibilities of quitting and about the opinions of smokers on quitting smoking. The theoretical part gives us the list of contentual substances in nicotine, list of possible health complications from smoking and possible therapies on dependence on nicotine. By individual substances is mentioned the mechanism and its effects and possible side effects on our organism. Before the chapter dealing with health problems due to smoking is a brief overview about the dependence and the origin of dependence. The following chapter deals with side effects and health complications from smoking, there is a detailed list with influences of smoking during pregnancy or while taking contraception. Following separated chapters deal with the problematic of passive smoking and legislative smoking in the Czech Republic and in the world. The last chapter in the theoretical part is dedicated to a detailed overview with possible therapies. There are listed the forms of pharmacotherapy as well as forms of psychological-social Intervention. Experimental part of this thesis is dedicated to data processing from questionnaires. The questionnaire was focused on contemporary as well as on...
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