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Translation and interpretation of the chronicles of Andrés de Tapia and Francisco de Aguilar
Vongreyová, Jana ; Jetmarová, Jana (referee) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor)
The purpose of this thesis is a translation and analysis of the two direct participants of the conquest of Mexico, Andrés de Tapia and Francisco de Aguilar. The actual translation is enriched with notes, based on information available in Czech literature, and in the last Spanish edition of the chronicles from Germán Vázquez Chamorro. Preliminary studies contain the description of the biographies of the conquistadors, a detailed analysis of their chronicles and comparison of their works with two other conquerors, Hernán Cortés and Bernal Díaz del Castillo, whose works are available in Czech translation. These four, also with the conqueror Bernardino Vázquez de Tapia, create a group named "soldiers chroniclers" (soldados cronistas - by Jorge Gurria Lacroix). They are the only direct participants of the conquest of Mexico, which chronicles are known so far. Therefore are unique, but very limited source for ethnographic study of pre-colombian cultures, which were shortly after the conquest permanently destroyed. The aim of the analysis of the chronicles is therefore to highlight particular ethnographic information of indigenous cultures, and thus the material and spiritual culture, religion, the population of cities, the architecture, etc. The thesis is accompanied by the register of personal names, names of...
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Journey and ritual: through the anthropology of movement and the labyrinth of sacred in Hispanic cultures' imagination
Kapusta, Jan ; Kašpar, Oldřich (referee) ; Vrhel, František (advisor)
This thesis deals with the subject of pilgrimage, movement or journey in general. The area of the study is the Hispanic culture. The study of pilgrimage has challenged anthropology so that the anthropology of pilgrimage and mobility has become an interesting and progressive field of study of our discipline. The non-instrumental and ritualized movement has an important role in all religious as well as secular traditions. The purpose of this study is to relate pilgrimage with other forms of movement such as travelling, tourism and ethnography, and to challenge the borders between religious and secular motion. It is used the notion of the rite of passage to stress the position of the traveler that moves from his normal, everyday life and enters the unknown, other world. Pilgrimage embodies the opposition of stasis and movement, of static and dynamic, of known and unknown, of regular and irregular, of ordinary and extraordinary. The aim of the study is to emphasize the significance of sacrifice - an important part of pilgrimage - which generates psychic and social power. In pilgrimage there is an implicit understanding of the ideas such as reciprocity, symbolic exchange, and the sacred that is the source of power. The pilgrims return renewed, transformed, they have been empowered. Journeying to the sacred is a...
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Czechs in Berlin, political emigration 1948-1989. Time period determined motives and strategies of exile in biography of political emigrant
Herrmann, Richard ; Šatava, Leoš (advisor) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (referee)
This qualitative study strives to capture the strategie s and motivations for emmigration of Czechoslovak citizens to former West Berlin between the years 1948 and 1989, describing it from emmigrants' perspective. The main focus of the study is an analysis of emmigration incentives and strategie s utilized by the then Czechoslovak citizens, currently living in Berlin. The theoretical base for the study consists of the theory of collective historical memory, the problem of secondary and tertiary socialization, the (mal)adaptation to new host environments and the biographical approach to emigration studies. The incentives and strategie s of political emmigration are analyzed within the context of the political and social development between the years 1946 and 1989. The study is chronologically organized according to the following historical periods and political events: (1) the takeover ofpower by communists in 1946-1948, (2) the political persecutions ofthe 1950s, (3) the liberalization ofthe communist regime during the 1960s, (4) the events ofPrague Spring in 1968, (5) the military intervention ofthe Warsaw Treaty countries on 21. August 1968, (6) the consolidation era, (7) the Czechoslovak citizens' mass emmigration between the years 1968 and 1970, (8) the Czechoslovak citizens' mass emmigration of the...
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Myth of P. Antonín Koniáš and its changes
Beneš, Pavel ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sochorová, Ludmila (referee) ; Fiala, Jiří (referee)
Pojem "mýtus" - chápaný ve smyslu falešných, iluzorních představ -je používán i v následující disertační práci, jež si klade za cíl zdokumentovat a analyzovat problematiku genese, vývoje a funkce mýtu, s nímž je česká veřejnost již více než dvě staletí konfrontována, mýtu spojeného s osobností českého jezuitského misionáře, P. Antonína Koniáše. Smyslem této práce přitom není shora uvedený mýtus bořit, ale jen vykládat. Koniášovský mýtus je jen jedním z mnoha mýtů a stereotypů, vytvořených českou společností v období novověku a je třeba ho vnímat jako jejich součást. Tento mýtus, podobně jako mnohé další, procházel během své existence řadou proměn a svou roli sehrál i v rámci aktivit, souvisejících s národně - emancipačním hnutím. V souvislosti s tím budeme sledovat, jak byl P. Koniáš českou společností v různých etapách jejího vývoje vnímán. Výslovně zde hovořím o "české společnosti", protože veškeré mé dosavadní výzkumy nasvědčují tomu, že do širšího povědomí českých Němců tento misionář nevstoupil, ač sám německy kázal i psal a rovněž tak nejstarší zmínky o něm jsou vedle latinských pramenů psané právě v německém jazyce. Zaměření disertační práce odpovídá i její struktura. Uvedená tematika je sledována na pozadí proměn české společnosti od doby baroka po současnost, přičemž hlavní pozornost je soustředěna...
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Myth of P. Antonín Koniáš and its changes
Beneš, Pavel ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sochorová, Ludmila (referee) ; Fiala, Jiří (referee)
Pojem "mýtus" - chápaný ve smyslu falešných, iluzorních představ -je používán i v následující disertační práci, jež si klade za cíl zdokumentovat a analyzovat problematiku genese, vývoje a funkce mýtu, s nímž je česká veřejnost již více než dvě staletí konfrontována, mýtu spojeného s osobností českého jezuitského misionáře, P. Antonína Koniáše. Smyslem této práce přitom není shora uvedený mýtus bořit, ale jen vykládat. Koniášovský mýtus je jen jedním z mnoha mýtů a stereotypů, vytvořených českou společností v období novověku a je třeba ho vnímat jako jejich součást. Tento mýtus, podobně jako mnohé další, procházel během své existence řadou proměn a svou roli sehrál i v rámci aktivit, souvisejících s národně - emancipačním hnutím. V souvislosti s tím budeme sledovat, jak byl P. Koniáš českou společností v různých etapách jejího vývoje vnímán. Výslovně zde hovořím o "české společnosti", protože veškeré mé dosavadní výzkumy nasvědčují tomu, že do širšího povědomí českých Němců tento misionář nevstoupil, ač sám německy kázal i psal a rovněž tak nejstarší zmínky o něm jsou vedle latinských pramenů psané právě v německém jazyce. Zaměření disertační práce odpovídá i její struktura. Uvedená tematika je sledována na pozadí proměn české společnosti od doby baroka po současnost, přičemž hlavní pozornost je soustředěna...
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Czechs in Berlin, political emigration 1968-1989
Herrmann, Richard ; Šatava, Leoš (referee) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor)
This qualitative study strives to capture the strategies and motivations for emmigration of Czechoslovak citizens to former West Berlin between the years 1968 and 1970, describing it from emmigrants' perspective. The main focus of the study is an analysis of emmigration incentives and strategies utilized by the then Czechoslovak citizens, currently living in Berlin. The theoretical base for the study consists of the theory of collective historical memory, the problem of secondary and tertiary socialization, the (mal)adaptation to new host environments and the biographical approach to emmigration studies. The incentives and strategies of political emmigration are analyzed within the context of the political and social development between the years 1946 and 1970. The study is chronologically organized according to the following historical periods and political events: (1) the takeover of power by communists in 1946-1948, (2) the political persecutions of the 1950s, (3) the liberalization of the communist regime during the 1960s, (4) the events of Prague Spring, (5) the military intervention of the Warsaw Treaty countries, (6) the consolidation and normalization era, (7) the Czechoslovak citizens' mass emmigration between the years 1968 and 1970. In this study, the historical facts and figures are supplemented...
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Buryat shamanism
Havlíček, Marek ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor)
After the political changes in East Europe and Central Asia at the end of 80s of the 20th century some latitude of religious liberty, which had been limited till then, occured. It made possible to restore original traditions and gradually return the religion from illegality back to the public life. Ecclesiastic and confessional institutions started to restore in accordance with those ones operating in the period of Imperial Russia. A very specific situation arose from Buryat shamanism, which had never been under the state and authority control like other confessions had. Buryat shamans began to restore and renew extinct traditions mostly by the way of studying professional ethnographical and religious literature and inspired by the new philosophical currents of the tardy wave of New Age, they complemented numerous gaps and deficiency with their own ideas. During the last 15 years several organisations associtiating Buryat shamans have come into existence. They obviously differ from each other in their specialisation, traditions they gather from, and even in their range. Some of them are local, others try to unite all shamans in the territory settled by the Buryats, but there are also small formal and informal groups gathering disciples of a master. All associations of shamans in some ways use traditional...
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Apaches in 18th century. Reconstruction of the material culture and its origins
Parolková, Klára ; Korecká, Zuzana (referee) ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor)
I during sources SUMMARY focuse on material culture 18 th century and first half used for reconstruction are of western Apache tribes of 19th century. Primary letters, relationes and other writing of then missionaries and soldiers. Written sources are supported by few pictures taken by 18th and early 19th century artists. Missing data are covered by moder ethnographical and linguistical research. Not all the topics are mentioned with the same frequency in primary sources. Most detailed description exists for appearance and clothing for both men and women. Almost every author writes about their nomadic life, diet and horse riding. Exact date and route of Apachean migration southward is not known, but their way of life was shurely influenst by climate change after coming to present day area. Trading and other contacts with neighbouring tribes were important source of cuI tural change. Peublos influence was most important, because part of this tribe joined Navajo short befor 1700 AD and teached them art of weaving, making fine pottery and silver jewellery. Apache obtained european goods by trading, as gifts accompanying peace negociations or simply stole them (horses were their favorite target). Spaniards were exchanging good for furs, bufalo hides and buskskin, take them back home. Apaches frequently also for...
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