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The Crime of Dangerous Threatening under Section 353 of the Criminal Code
Čivrný, Vojtěch ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
1 Abstract The Crime of Dangerous Threatening under Section 353 of the Criminal Code This thesis is focused on the crime of dangerous threatening according to section 353 of Act No. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code. The aim of this work is to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the historical and current legal regulation of the crime of dangerous threatening and to reflect on the considerations de lege ferenda. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the historical development of the social phenomenon of dangerous threatening and its criminalization on the territory of today's Czech Republic. In particular, the period from the adoption of the Criminal Code in 1852 to the current legislation regulated by the Criminal Code of 2009 is mapped in detail. The second chapter is devoted to the current regulation of the crime of dangerous threatening, especially to the obligatory and facultative elements of the actus reus of this crime. Special attention is then given to the imprecise legal concept of reasonable fear, the real content of which is clarified with the help of relevant case-law. Furthermore, this chapter contains an analysis of individual types of sanctions that can be imposed or certain statistical data. The third chapter is reserved for comparation. In its first...
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Restrictions on personal freedom in theory and practice
Pouska, Tomáš ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
1 Restrictions on personal freedom in theory and practice Abstract The subject of this rigorous thesis is the connection of the theoretical and practical concept of permissible interference with the personal freedom of an individual in criminal proceedings, with an emphasis on the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the person concerned. The basis of the thesis is the description and more detailed definition of some specific institutes of criminal law, in the form of detention, arrest, detention and imprisonment, which seriously interfere with personal freedom and are directly connected with the imprisonment of persons. The rigorous thesis compares and analyzes the legal embedding of the above- mentioned criminal law instruments at the national and international level with their application in real life practice and points out some fundamental differences that occur when they are used by law enforcement authorities. Attention is primarily paid to the degree of compliance with the guarantees of permissible interference with personal freedom by public authorities, the legitimacy of individual interference and also their adequacy and proportionality in relation to the goal pursued by these means. The rigorous work examines whether these criminal law institutes are applied rationally, whether...
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Plea bargain
Bicek, Rudolf ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee) ; Fryšták, Marek (referee)
The topic of this dissertation is the originally Anglo-Saxon criminal process concept of plea bargaining, which has become a phenomenon within a number of civil law countries in recent decades. This alternative method of resolving criminal cases consists simply in the pos- sibility of an agreement being reached between the prosecutor and the accused, provided that the accused, under certain conditions, admits to having committed the offence and agrees with the proposed punishment. A look at the foreign as well as domestic legal literature reveals that plea bargaining is controversial to say the least. Proponents argue that it accelerates and simplifies criminal pro- ceedings, while opponents point to its flagrant inconsistency with the fundamental principles of continental criminal proceedings. The author of this dissertation examines agreements in criminal proceedings in gen- eral, focusing on their origin, historical development and various forms around the world. A special part of this dissertation is devoted to plea bargaining regulations in all 27 European countries where the concept has been introduced, including the Czech Republic, where it was introduced by Amendment to the Criminal Procedure Code No. 193/2012 Coll., effective from 1 September 2012. In addition, plea bargaining is described...
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Criminal Liability for the Dissemination of Illegal Content on the Internet
Bydžovský, Petr ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
and key words Thesis title: Criminal Liability for the Dissemination of Illegal Content on the Internet The thesis deals with the issue of criminal liability for the dissemination of illegal content on the Internet with a closer focus on the issue of hate crime, extremism and terrorism. It is divided into two parts, each of which represents a separate chapter. The work is mostly based on case law sources, but parts dedicated to cases in which are criminal proceedings still pending are using Internet sources mainly. The first part categorizes harmful content on the Internet and enumerates the possibilities of its regulation, then deals more generally with concept of criminal liability, distinguishing the specifics of natural and legal persons. It deals with other possibilities of sanctions of legal persons by instruments other than criminal law, including giving examples from case law where these instruments were used. It defines the terms "cyberspace", "cybercrime", "computer crime", discusses the scope of criminal law on the Internet. It also addresses the problem areas of sanctioning hate speech in terms of the international nature of cyberspace, in particular with regard to differences in freedom of speech legislation in the United States, including specific examples where, despite differences,...
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The Moral Crime and its Prevention
Dlouhá, Eliška ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
The Moral Crime and its Prevention Abstract The thesis deals with the topic of moral crime and its prevention. The aim of this thesis is to provide a basic overview of the field of moral crime, to define the basic concepts related to this issue and to provide a deeper insight into the interpretation of selected sexual offences. This thesis is composed of four main chapters, each of which focuses on different aspects of the matter at hand and attempts to grasp it from multiple different perspectives. The introductory chapter contains definitions of basic terms related to sexual offences. It concentrates on defining terms such as morality, law or moral crime itself. It focuses primarily on the relationship between these terms, how law and morality differ from each other, and defines the general concept of crime in terms of legal and sociological concepts. The central part of this chapter is the definition of the concept of moral crime and its relationship to morality and law. Furthermore, the focus is on the statistical development of moral crime. The second chapter discusses the offender and victim of moral crime. The concept of the offender is defined from both a criminal law and criminological perspective. The categorization of offenders is described from various perspectives and the issue of sexual...
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The criminal offence of dangerous threatening under Section 353 of the Criminal Code
Lotterová, Helena ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
The criminal offence of dangerous threatening under Section 353 of the Criminal Code The topic of this diploma thesis is the offence of dangerous threatening pursuant to Section 353 of the Criminal Code. The thesis, which is divided into seven parts, focuses on a comprehensive presentation of this topic and provides an insight into the jurisprudence and the legislation in other states. The first part describes the historical development of the crime of dangerous threating, first with a brief mention of the early beginnings, which is followed by a more detailed regulation in the Czech Republic and Czechoslovak Republic. The second part of the thesis is focused on the general concepts of criminal law, especially on the concept of a criminal offence. The aim of this part is to present the basic definition of key concepts, which are further worked on in the third part of the thesis. The third part, which is the main part of this Master thesis, is devoted to the regulation of this criminal offence, its classification within the criminal law, international and constitutional context and its detailed characteristics. The Czech court case law is also taken into account, especially with regard to questions related to the arousing of legitimate concern. The fourth part is devoted to the relationship of the...
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Penal aspects of corruption
Mottl, Jiří ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
57 Penal aspects of corruption Abstract This thesis deals with the aspects of corruption that are sanctioned under criminal law. The aim of the thesis is to define the current criminal legislation punishing this form of crime, to present its problematic aspects and to propose possible solutions to these issues. In this context, a part of the thesis is also devoted to the definition of the concept of corruption, the historical development of the legal regulation in the Czech Republic in particular, the legal regulation in the field of international and European law, as well as legal comparison with foreign countries. First, the thesis devotes a section to various definitions of corruption by both Czech and foreign academics. Subsequently, the typology of corruption and the factors influencing its occurrence, extent and severity are outlined. Next, the first cases of criminalisation of corruption, the development of legal regulation in the Czech lands, and in particular its regulation within criminal codes are presented in the framework of historical development. Then, the international conventions dealing with the fight against corruption to which the Czech Republic has acceded are presented, as well as the legislation within the European Union. Furthermore, the thesis defines the crimes that are committed...
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Criminal Law Instruments Against Organized Crime
Ráliš, Petr ; Tejnská, Katarína (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to the introduction of criminal law instruments for the fight against organized crime and their current legal regulation in the criminal law of the Czech Republic. The introductory part of the thesis is focused on briefly introducing some criminological definitions of organized crime, its definitions in selected international documents and last but not least, the definition of the organized criminal group in Czech criminal law. The second part is devoted to the legal instruments against organized crime regulated by substantive criminal law, namely the offence of participation in an organized criminal group and the issue of punishing the perpetrator of an offence committed for the benefit of an organized criminal group. The third part of the thesis describes the instruments against organized crime regulated by the criminal procedural law. First, considerable attention is paid to the interception and recording of telecommunication and the so-called "spatial interception" and the problem of its missing legal regulation in the Czech criminal law, followed by a chapter dealing with the procedural admissibility of interception as evidence in criminal proceedings. The next chapter is dedicated to operational investigative actions (i.e. pretended transfer, surveillance of persons...
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Limits of interference with constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms in criminal proceedings
Doležalová, Dominika ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Limits of interference with constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms in criminal proceedings Abstract The presented thesis deals with one of the key issues of criminal procedural law, namely the limits of interference with constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms in criminal proceedings. The regulations of criminal proceedings in the Czech Republic, a democratic state governed by the rule of law, must, while preserving the tools for effectively combating crime, contain such guarantees of a fair trial that the full protection of the rights and freedoms of the persons being prosecuted is ensured. In view of the increasing standard of protection of fundamental rights and freedoms on the one hand and the increasing sophistication of criminals as a result of globalisation and the rapid development of modern technology on the other, this creates an extremely difficult task for the legislator. This thesis presents a detailed analysis of the issue. Recent developments in the Czech jurisprudence made apparent certain gaps in the legislation of criminal proceedings, specifically in the area of "evidence" and in the related area of interception. For this reason, the first out of the five chapters of the thesis discusses the establishment of the practice of fair trial in the Czech Republic, which puts an...
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Selected issues of criminal liability in health care
Houzar, Petr ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Selected issues of criminal liability in health care Abstract The work deals with selected issues of criminal liability in health care. In the introductory chapter it names some specifics of the relationship between health care and law. The second chapter presents selected, fundamental sources of medical law, which in addition to national legislation include selected international conventions and attention is paid to the role of court decisions in the Czech legal system. The same chapter defines some basic concepts that are important for the whole work and for its subject. The third chapter of this work can be considered as a theoretical basis of the subject of this work. The work deals mainly with the theoretical foundations of criminal liability and its origin, in connection with the specifics of criminal liability in health care and finally the specifics of criminal liability of legal entities. Furthermore, this chapter discusses other legal responsibilities that come into play in connection with the provision of health services - civil, administrative, labor and disciplinary liability. This chapter ends with a separate subchapter, which deals with the importance and role of expert opinion in assessing the emergence of legal liability in health care. The fourth chapter of this work is a practical part....
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