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Business cycle and its impact on labor markets in Czech Republic, Germany and USA from 2005 to 2014
Zoul, Zdeněk ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zamrazilová, Eva (referee)
Main objective of this diploma thesis is to analyze the business cycle in USA, Germany and Czech Republic in years 2005 -- 2014 and evaluate impacts on each economy and particularly on labor markets. Work contains circumstances of beginning of the world economic downturn, which hit the world economy during those years, impacts of the crisis on each economy and analysis of the stimulus packages passed by both central governments and central banks. Analysis and comparsion is made by monitoring the development of main macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth, rate of unemployment and employment, public debt or inflation. Conclusion is that German labor market was struck the least of the three countries and it didnt suffer from high rates of unemployment or decrease of employment. That was achieved mostly because optimal labor market reforms which were done before the beginning of the crisis.
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The importance of South Korean investments in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in the years 2004 - 2013 (an example of Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Motors)
Šebesta, Jan ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Miklánek, Tomáš (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to map of the profit and cost of foreign direct investments (FDI) of car producers Hyundai Motor Company in the Czech Republic and KIA Motors Corporation in Slovakia in years 2004 -- 2013. The theoretical part of the work is directed to description and research of approach to foreign direct investment as a means of development, impact on home economy and possible negatives. Among the most significant positives this exercise are the know-how, increased work productivity and improvement of trade balance. Disadvantages on the contrary can be two-speed economy, crowding-out effect, inflation or unjustified state support. The work also compares European investment policy and policy of investment incentives in legislative Framework of the Czech and Slovak Republic. The last part deals with the foreign direct investment of the Hyundai Company at Nošovice and the KIA Corporation at Žilina and their effect on the national economy using statistical analysis (profit, state support, jobs created etc.).
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Impacts of changes in taxation on consumption of tobacco products, government budget and illegal market in the Czech Republic
Vašíčková, Pavla ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šlajs, Jan (referee)
The thesis describes and analyzes the excise tax on tobacco products and the relevant market in the Czech Republic. Changes of the excise tax on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and their impacts on the public finance, on sales of tobacco products, and on illegal market trading these products are analyzed as well as effects of government regulation on the tobacco products market. The thesis concludes that increasing excise taxes, due to the Peltzman effect, may lead to originally unintended consequences which are in the contradiction to arguments in favor of the tax increase. Distortions on the tobacco products' market make the efficient regulation difficult.
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The Economic Potential of Existing eHealth Systems in the Czech Republic
Bruthans, Jan ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (referee) ; Večeř, Jan (referee)
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the contemporary area of information technologies employed in health care (eHealth). Focusing on the systems already employed in the Czech Republic, it aims to analyse them, to quantify expenditures of their introduction and maximum benefits derived from these, as well as to evaluate their real current profit. Out of the three existing national systems, this dissertation concentrates on the two only (eRecept, ePACS), as it became impossible to evaluate the third -- IZIP system due to scarcity of the relevant information available. In the field of expenditures not only generally published numbers are taken into consideration, but this dissertation also evaluates the expenditures of other subjects involved (IT systems producers, health care providers, etc.). As the first dissertation in the Czech Republic it quantifies benefits derived from the existing eHealth systems and unlike foreign theses it greatly emphasizes just the expenditures of other subjects involved. Included in this dissertation is also the evaluation of achievements of the eHealth systems in the Czech Republic complete with supposed grounds for this situation. This dissertation also recommends courses of action for contractors of these systems to ensure future basis for more economical and successful eHealth systems. These recommendations are mainly based on analysis of development of the existing national eHealth systems. For the complex evaluation of the costs, maximum of possible and real benefit of the individual eHealth systems the research approach adopted in this dissertation includes descriptive method and SWOT analysis, extrapolation and abstraction, comparative and factor analysis.
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Financial and economic results of public budgets in the light of political business cycles in the Czech Republic between years 1993 and 2010
Šefr, Michal ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
The thesis is focused on development of public finance in the Czech Republic between years 1993 and 2010. The crucial aim is to find out possible connections between increasing government deficits and the effort of politicians to be re-elected through higher government spending prior to an election. The analysis is mainly based on state and public budgets especially their annual changes in structure and basic components. I divide the cyclical and structural deficit and examine the influence of economic policy to its creation. In thesis is also described the general theory of public finance, issue of fiscal imbalance, public choice theory and its theory of political business cycle. The fiscal policy is carefully analyzed in recent electoral cycles in context of the economic and political development. The results of the analysis indicate that significant part of public debt has been created because of populist reasons especially in the period of economic expansion.
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The costs and benefits of process privatization during the transformation of CSFR (CR) from 1990
Lochmanová, Kristýna ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zeman, Karel (referee)
Privatization as the main attribute of transformation process brought benefits and costs; benefits in the form of speed, social justice, reduce abuse of political power and finally privatization of 60% of all businesses and the costs called by its critics as "tunneling of the state." The objective of this dissertation is to compare these revenues and costs and answer to the question whether we can consider the process of Czechoslovakia, respectively Czech privatization in the 1990s as successful. The main determinants of this process was not only the starting conditions, but even then the legal environment and the offered possibilities of privatization. The basic method of this thesis is the analysis of revenues and expenses. For the more objective evaluation I will use a comparison of the results of other emerging countries. Specifically, I will focus on Poland and Hungary, whose starting conditions are deemed as most comparable to ours.
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Public Private Partnership as an Alternative Method of Financing Highway Infrastructure in the Czech Republic
Chovanec, Pavel ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor)
Diplomová práce je členěna na tři části. V první části je popsána teorie k oblasti dálniční infrastruktury, faktory umožňující její optimální využití, se zaměřením na odpovídající financování, formy veřejného, soukromého a veřejno-soukromého zabezpečení.V druhé části je provedena analýza koncepce Public Private Parnership a komparace s konvenčním financováním dálniční infrastrukuty. V závěrečné části jsou formulována doporučení nezbytných podmínek pro úspěšnou realizaci projektů Public Private Partnership, zahrnující transparentnost projektů, potřebu podpory od vlády, rozdělení rizik, zakotvení právního rámce. Jsou zdůrazněna omezení použití koncepce Public Private Partnership a nenahraditelnost konvenční veřejné zakázky pro páteřní sítě dopravní infrastruktury.
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Fiscal Union: A Solution for the Euro Area Crisis?
Šatavová, Eva ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Rybáček, Václav (referee)
The goal of this work is an assessment of the hypothesis whether the fiscal union in euro area can cope with the consequences and causes of the debt crisis. Categorized proposals leading to fiscal union are presented. These proposals are facing problems of moral hazard, perverse incentives, new taxes, inefficient allocation of scarce resources, and general issues of fiscal policy. New steps towards fiscal union will be accepted at the supranational level, some of these steps are more likely than others. The tighter rules, fiscal oversight and regulation the fiscal union will provide, the longer and more successful will be preventing of the crisis in the euro area. Because the euro area cannot be considered an optimal currency area and because the tragedy of the commons problem is observed here, then fiscal union in the long run, along with all the problems of the new proposals will only lead to a deepening of the crisis, or creating a new and much stronger one.
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ECONOMIC AND UNECONOMIC MEASURES IN TOBACCO INDUSTRY IN CZECH REPUBLIC IN LAST TEN YEARS
Zděnková, Radka ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Řežábek, Pavel (referee)
Smoking and tobacco industry is one of the most regulated area in majority of world's countries. It's because of government's effort to reduce the smoking prevalence and to protect the public health. But each individual is responsible for his own health, not the state. One of the most frequent measure taken in the fight against smoking is Tobacco advertising ban. However proportion of smokers in population hasn't decreased when the law came into force in Czech republic. It emerges from a variety of surveys that there's not a signifiicant relation between an advertising and consumption of tobacco products. Another measure is the health warnings on tobacco products, which doesn't influence the quantity of smokers at all. Entire smoking ban in privately owned public places harms the proprietary rights. An increasing of excise duty leads to increase in price of cigarettes and thus motivates consumers to go over to cheap cigarettes or smoking tobacco. At the same time the black market grows. The only impact of regulation is relative decrease of tax revenues as well as products' quality, and the rise in the criminality connected with the tax evasion and the cigarettes' black market.
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