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Amenhotep III - solar and royal ideology
Bělohoubková, Dana ; Mynářová, Jana (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
The reign of Amenhotep III represents one of the most crucial period of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Over the course of this dynasty, royal ideology, as a major means of power of the Egyptian ruler, was constantly being developed and underwent significant alterations. One long lasting debate has focused on the possibility that Amenhotep III was already deified during his lifetime, but up to now no detailed study that would analyse contemporary documents, whether connected to the king himself or related to his officials, has taken place. The aim of this thesis was to find and answer to this question by means of an analysis of written and iconographic sources from both the royal sphere as well as the domain of the officials. The result of this research, based among others on an in-depth study of the names, epithets and iconography of the ruler, indicates that Amenhotep III was already deified during his life and it allows even the definition of his divine characteristics and aspects as a solar god. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The God Sobek in Ptolemaic and Roman Times. A Confrontation of the Cult of Sobek in Krokodilopolis and Kom Ombo
Galuzina, Maria ; Coppens, Filip (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
Anotation The B.A. paper deals with the cult of the Egyptian crocodile god Sobek in Ptolemaic and Roman times. The aim of this work is to compare the cult of Sobek in his temples in the Fayum oasis with the center in Shedet/Krokodilopolis, and in the famous double temple of Kom Ombo in Upper Egypt. The main part of the paper focuses on the analysis of the nature, key aspects and forms of the god, including his name, role in the religious system, temple festivals, oracles and syncretism with other gods. Great attention is also paid to the comparison of local theologies of the Fayum and Kom Ombo and the most important theological document of the Krokodilopolite priests - the so-called "Book of the Fayum" - that brings both theologies together. On the grounds of this analysis, present B.A. work tries to trace and describe the development and diversity of the cult of the crocodile god Sobek in Ptolemaic and Roman times.
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Thoth in the Pyramid Texts
Čermák, Michal ; Pehal, Martin (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the role of the god Thoth in the Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, a corpus of funerary literature found most prominently in the underground chambers of the pyramids of the kings and queens of the 5th and 6th dynasty. Following the division made by H. M. Hays, the topic is treated in two parts: the first is concerned with Thoth in the personal texts, where he is presented as a lunar deity and a transition figure, the second with the sacerdotal texts, studying his position in the myth of Osiris and Horus. The function of the god in both is shown to stem from his role as a mediator betwen the various elements of the divine world, mainly through a number of particular findings with regard to the individual motifs in which Thoth is found in the Pyramid Texts. The work concludes with a summary of these findings and an outline of Thoth's nature in the corpus.
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Sacred Ibis in Egyptian Religion
Kuntová, Pavlína ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
Bachelor thesis "The Sacred Ibis in Egyptian Religion" deals with the significance and development of animal worship in Egyptian history. Thesis describes the role played by sacred animals in a religion, what was their main functions. Specifically, it focuses on the sacred ibis, an animal sacred lunar god Thoth. This bird was worshiped as a manifestation of the god Thoth on the earth. He was considered the protector of the land and the river Nile, in association with Thoth symbolized the moon end recovery. As the sacred animal was mummified and buried in special animal cemeteries. Besides the significance of ibis, thesis describes the method of mummification, which was in Egyot quite common. Building on it there are described experiments that seek to find for exploring and chracterizing the mummified animals such method that should not be destructive. Key words animal cult, sacred ibis, god Thoth, animal cemeteries, mummification, animal mummie
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Teotihuacan - religious and cultural centre
Horníková, Lucie ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Kostičová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this work is to clarify the religious and cultural level of Teotihuacan, over a period of at least five hundred years of its existence, actively influenced much of cultural and geographic region of Mesoamerica and after his termination remained an integral part of its culture. Despite the fact that the only information we obtain from material sources, which come directly from Teotihuacan itself or centers, which had a significant impact, we can afford to say that it was a major urban center to its size, degree of social organizations, etc. extraordinarily exceeded level of other contemporary settlements of mesoamerican region. With its 25 square kilometers and 125,000 inhabitants was the sixth largest city in the world in the 6th century BC. With its megalithic structures, such as the Pyramid of the Sun, Pyramid of the Moon and the Citadel with Quetzalcoatl pyramid, etc., and structural refinement evokes awe and admiration of current and contemporary visitors. Unfortunately, the original names of temples, palaces, pyramids, gods and other parts of the city are not known in Teotihuacan original language because of the absence of literary records remains unknown, and all the signs which researchers use, takes over from the Aztec language Nahuatl. Methodology of this study was to compile the...
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Thebes in the Middle of the 22nd Dynasty. Four Influential Theban Families.
Tomášková, Kamila ; Smoláriková, Květa (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on the four important Theban families of the 21st and 22nd Dynasties (the families of Nesipakashuty, Nebneceru, Djedthutefankh B and Neseramun). The text also pays attention to ways in which the political situation and cultural tendencies of the Libyan Period were reflected in the titulatury and biographical inscriptions of family members. The thesis opens with a general discussion of the Libyan influence on Egypt and a summary of the history of Thebes during the 20th-22nd Dynasties. The overview of the four families based on the lists of their members' titles and their biographical inscriptions follows. In the closing part an interpretation of influences of the changing political and cultural situation on the particular families is proposed: the political events themselves are reflected in the extant sources concerning the families only exceptionally, while the traces of political and cultural tendencies of the period are clearly present in these sources.
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Justification in Ancient Egypt Religion
Scholzová, Alena ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
This thesis focuses on the motive of justification in the ancient Egyptian religion. It explores its meaning and history of occurrence. It does so in the context of death, afterlife and Judgment of the Dead. The aim was to provide an overview of the development of justified title achievement, especially in the Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts and Book of the Dead. The conclusion is that the motive of justification in ancient Egyptian religion evolved along with the concept of Judgment of the Dead with whom he was associated.
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