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Vaccination in children
Truhlářová, Petra ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
Author: Petra Truhlarova Name: Vaccination in childhood Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: medical laboratory technician Background: One of the most important goals of my thesis is to point out a current lack of information on vaccination of our population. This fact stems from unawareness of a significant progress achieved in the field of immunology in recent decades. Main findings: My bachelor thesis deals with vaccination in an early childhood. I tried to create an overview of compulsory as well as voluntary vaccination in certain periods of childhood and I also mention immunological aspects of vaccination. I briefly characterize selected contagious diseases and I present options of their prevention by utilizing vaccination. Furthermore, I present some child practitioners' opinions of vaccination as such. The thesis provides a general overview and comparison of history of vaccination in the Czech Republic and in the world in general. Conclusions: The greatest benefit of vaccination lies in a creation of a vaccination scheduler for compulsory and above-standard vaccination, further focus on the opponents of vaccination, an effort to explain the principles of vaccination, the issue of the immune system response to vaccination, a combined vaccine application etc.
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Enterobius vermicularis
Exnerová, Andrea ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Doleželová, Eva (referee)
Andrea Exnerová Enterobius vermicularis Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Medical laboratory technician Background: The aim of this thesis is to create an overview of the current knowledge about Enterobius vermicularis and to perform a questionnaire study among parents. The aim of this survey is to find out informations about the progress, diagnosis and treatment of this infection and public awareness of this disease. Methods: Questionnaire study among parents, whose children have ever been infected with Enterobius vermicularis. Results: Pinworm infection is the most common among children aged 4-7 years. Half of the children who visited a pediatrician were examined. In almost 25 % of the cases, the stool sample was collected. The children were treated mostly with prescribed medication, the parents rarely chose home-treatment. In one third of the cases, the other members of the household were infected too. In the half of the cases the whole family was treated preventively. The most common symptom is rectal itching (83 %). Complications are exceptional. 60 % of the respondents incorrectly think that it is possible to get infected with pinworms from animals. The respondents most commonly called enterobiasis a disease of dirty hands. Conclusions: The...
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Evaluation of activity of potentional antibacterial substances through the use of microdilution broth method
Pospíchalová, Jana ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Jana Pospíchalová Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of activity of potentional antibacterial substances through the use of microdilution broth method The aim of this thesis is to evaluate activity of potentional antibacterial substances synthesized at the Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové. For testing of the antimicrobial activity was used microdilution broth method. This method is suitable for the quantitative determination of antimicrobial susceptibility. The substances were tested at eight bacterial strains, which consisted of Gram pozitive and Gram negative bacteria including resistant agents of serious nosocomial infections. 52 tested substances were dividend into 6 groups based on a common structure. The most effective group was evaluated by a group of N-benzyl-3-chloro-pyrazin-2-carboxamide and the most effective substance of all tested was 3-chloro-N- (3,4-dichlorobenzyl) pyrazine-2- carboxamide belonging to this group. Most sensitive to the tested substances showed Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
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Antimicrobial effect of antidepressants. II.
Jánošík, Petr ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
We've investigated the in vitro synergistic antibacterial potential of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine and fluoxetine) and antibiotics (represented by tetracycline and nalidixine). Activity has been measured against four bacterial CCM strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and eight tetracycline-resistant strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Synergy tests were performed using checkerboard method. We've observed growth or growth inhibition of bacteria, marked the "border" points area out and converted these points to values of relative concentrations in a graph. According to the under-graph area we've counted the CRIC. This coefficient has shown us the type of antibacterial interaction of the SSRI and antibiotics. In most cases we have observed addition of antimicrobial activity of the SSRI and antibiotics (either CCM strains or tetracycline-resistant strains), sometimes indifference and in rare cases also synergism (tetracycline- -paroxetine and tetracycline-fluoxetine against E. coli 2468, nalidixine-fluoxetine against S. aureus CCM, tetracycline-fluoxetine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 421). We have observed a decrease of resistance to tetracycline only in one case (tetracycline-paroxetine against E....
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Coeliac disease
Marešová, Markéta ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Blažíčková, Kateřina (referee)
Author: Markéta Marešová Title of bachelor thesis: Coeliac dinase Bachelor thesis Charles Univerzity in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové ABSTRACT: Background: The thesis deals with the issue of the celiac disease. In the theoretical part I dealt with the definition, pathogenesis and pathology of this disease. I also looked at different forms and possible complications of the celiac disease, epidemiology, diagnosis and therapy. In the practical part my goal was to evaluate the overall awareness of patients on the basis of questionnaire studies. Main findings: I also focused on the quality of their lives and the non-health associated complications which the celiac disease entails. Conclusions: The majority of patients are well-informed about their disease according to results of questionnaire studies.
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The evaluation of dietary intake substrates and nutrients in pregnancy.
Sovišová, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
THE EVALUATION OF DIETARY INTAKE SUBSTRATES AND NUTRIENTS IN PREGNANCY Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Petra Sovišová The right nourishment during pregnancy plays key role not only for the healthy development of fetus, but also for over-all health of future mother during pregnancy and after delivery. The aim of this study was to find out by various testing of nourishment in the group of pregnant women nutrition intake of energy, vitamins and minerals in current times in the Czech Republic. Testing was done on weekly basis of all intook nutrition in the group of randomely selected pregnant women since the second trimestr of pregnancy, different age and education, where was suspection of differency in nutrition. The study took place in the period of March to October 2006. Data were processed by NutriDan computer system. First part of my work is on theory basis.In this part I was mainly concerned by intake of lipids, sacharids, proteins and overall energy intake during pregnancy. I was mainly concerned in individual cases on their lack or overlap on individual woman during pregnancy. The results of such measurements are listed in second part of my diploma work. Volumes show, that intake of lipids, sacharides and proteins are relative equal to recommended daily dose for pregnant women in...
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Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method
Žmolová, Markéta ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Křivčíková, Lucie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Markéta Žmolová Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of activity of potentional antifungal substances through the use of microdilution broth method. Objective: With the growing number of systemic fungal diseases and occurrence of resistant strains of fungi it is still necessary to conduct research of new potential drugs. The aim of the thesis was to determine antifungal activity in vitro with 70 substances, which were divided into six groups according to chemical structure. Methods: Antifungal effect was tested on 8 strains of pathogenic fungi, including 5 strains of yeasts and 3 strains of moulds. The microdilution broth method was used for testing. Results: The most expressive antifungal activity showed by a group of substances derived from salicylanilide. SAL-5-Cl-4-Br was the most effective substance, which had a good effect on Trichosporon asahii strain and it reached the lowest value MIC (0,98 µmol/l) at Trichophyton mentagrophytes from all tested substances. The substances derived from sulfonamides showed a good effect too, particularly on strain Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Derivatives of itaconeamide were ineffective and even...
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Saccharomyces species
Stehlíková, Petra ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Petra Stehlíková Trainer: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title: Kvasinky rodu Saccharomyces cerevisiae This thesis was the search for basic general knowledge of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The aim is to create a comprehensive overview of these yeast. The work is divided into several consecutive parts. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast is widely used especially in food industry. Therefore it is also called the beer, wine, or baker's yeast. Their genome is fully studied, and thus are widely used genetic engineering. But there are also documented cases of pathogenesis. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most interesting and widely used yeast.
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