|
|
The importance of tumor markers and markers of angiogenesis for colorectal cancer prognosis
Levý, Miroslav ; Lipská, Ludmila (advisor) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristian (referee) ; Keil, Radan (referee)
Despite extensive progress in understanding of the molecular pattern of the tumor, growing possibilities of chemotherapy and surgical treatment, colorectal cancer remains the significant cause of death worldwide. Surgical treatment alone has already reached in oncologic radicality its limits, and therefore the surgeons turned to the molecular base of tumor growth in an effort to find markers that allow to operate patients at lower stages of the disease and thus improve the results and prognosis of the disease. And also to find markers, which, after currative operation will find a possible relapse in early stage to enable the surgeon to perform second curative intervention. Tumor markers are substances that often arise in connection with the changed metabolism transformed tumor cells, and therefore their levels increased in the presence of malignancy. Serum tumor markers are important parameters that may facilitate the prediction of the disease, its progression or regression (remission). Tumor markers are clinically used for screening, primary diagnosis, staging, prognosis, but particularly for predicting recurrence of disease, monitoring therapy. This work aims to summarize the current knowledge about the colorectal cancer markers, outline the possible development and present results of relationship...
|
|
|
Cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation
Reischig, Tomáš ; Třeška, Vladislav (advisor) ; Viklický, Ondřej (referee) ; Zadražil, Josef (referee) ; Pazdiora, Petr (referee)
1 SUMMARY Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a common infectious complication in patients after solid organ transplantation. The last decade witnessed major advances in CMV disease prevention. Use of universal prophylaxis or preemptive therapy resulted in a decrease in the incidence of CMV disease from 20-60% to 5-20%. However, the efficacy of preventive approaches in terms of indirect effects of CMV occurrence is problematic. Association with allograft rejection belongs to well documented and clinically extremely important indirect effects of CMV with a prolonged adverse impact on graft survival. Potential mechanisms include overexpression of major histocompatibility complex molecules, growth factors and cytokines, and upregulation of adhesion molecules. A number of questions remain to be answered in evaluating CMV as a risk factor for acute rejection. While CMV disease is associated with an increased incidence of acute rejection, data regarding the role of asymptomatic CMV viremia are controversial. In our research we evaluated the role of CMV in pathogenesis of allograft rejection in the era of modern immunosuppression and CMV prophylaxis as well as optimal preventive strategy to minimize impact of CMV. In the first trial, renal transplant (RTx) recipients were followed prospectively for 12 months to...
|
|
|
Implantation of cryopreserved mitral allograft into tricuspidal position in an experiment with sheep: Technical aspects of implantation and immediate results evaluated with the aid of epicardial echocardiography
Vojáček, Jan ; Špatenka, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dominik, Jan (referee) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee) ; Černý, Štěpán (referee)
Aortic, mitral and pulmonary valve replacement is routinely performed with reasonable clinical results. But the optimal substitute for the tricuspid valve remains controversial. Contemporary prostheses either mechanical or bioprosthetic are associated with a high risk of thrombosis and/or structural failure. Mitral allografts could have advantages over existing prostheses, especially in patients with infectious endocarditis. We describe our first experience with cryopreserved mitral allograft processing and implantation into the tricuspid position in a sheep experimental model. Material and Methods: We subjected 20 sheep (age 1 year, weight 23 - 36 kilograms) to general anesthesia and a left thoracotomy. An epicardial echocardiographic study was performed and the mitral valve was harvested. Donor animals were put to death by intravenous anesthetics injection. Allografts were immersed into cultivation medium E 199 with an antibiotic cocktail. After 24 hours storage at the temperature of 37.0oC the valves were kept at + 5 to + 7 oC over a period of 3-5 days. Then they were transferred into the cryoprotective solution (E 199 with 10% dimethylsulfoxide) and sealed into plastic bags using a double-layer technique. Finally, they were programmed cooled and stored in the liquid stage of liquid nitrogen (- 196 oC)...
|
|
| |
|
|
název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Böhmová, Radka ; Matl, Ivo (advisor) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee) ; Vaněčková, Ivana (referee)
Background. TGF- is a key profibrogenic cytokine associated with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) pathogenesis. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and hypertension represent important factors contributing to the development of CAN. The aim of the first, experimental part of the present study was to investigate the effect of immunosuppressant sirolimus in a model of accelerated renal injury in hypertensive transgenic rats (TGRs). The aim of the second, clinical part was to correlate the degree of CAN in the protocol biopsy of transplanted patiens with TGF-1 plasma levels and plasma levels of fibronectin. Another aim was to evaluate TGF-1 and fibronectin plasma levels in patients treated with different immunosuppressive (IS) regimes. Methods. Experiments were performed in TGR(mREN-2)-27 rats and their normotensive controls. We used a model of accelerated renal I/R injury. In clinical part of the present study, protocol biopsy has been suggested to be a beneficial method for early CAN detection. Protocol core biopsy was carried out in 105 kidney transplant recipients treated with different IS regimes 12 months after renal transplantation. Conclusions. Hypertension induced by high levels of renin in transgenic rats aggravated the renal injury induced by I/R injury. Sirolimus treatment was shown...
|
|
|
Ischemia-reperfusion injury in lungs after transplantation and the role of radical oxygen species
Mrázková, Hana ; Lischke, Robert (advisor) ; Třeška, Vladislav (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Keywords: Lung Tx, EVLP, NHBD, IR injury, ROS, hypercapnia, gender differences This dissertation thesis deals with a very topical issue of the lack of donor organs for lung transplants. As with other organs, the number of patients on waiting lists in terminal stages of their diseases is also constantly rising but there is not an adequate increase in donor organs. We focused our experimental work on the development of research concerning the solution which is most successful in a long-term perspective, i.e. organ transplants from non- heart-beating donors (NHBDs), in an ex vivo lung transplant protocol (EVLP) on an animal model (Wistar rats). This is a method which is clinically established worldwide (in the Czech Republic only experimentally) and is constantly subject to further research. Based on earlier studies, we focused the first experimental part of this work on the potential protective effect of hypercapnic ventilation on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) lung injury in EVLP. The study proved that the hypercapnic ventilation has a protective effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IR lung injury, but only when used in the period of reperfusion. In the second experimental study, we followed up a very topical issue of the effect of gender on IR lung injury in EVLP in...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
