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Latin American global narrative at the turn of the millenium
Zúňiga, Jorge ; Vydrová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Housková, Anna (referee)
This thesis intends to establish a criterion for the analysis of the work of several contemporary Latin American writers at the end of the last century. The central point of this work is the phenomenon of globalization and its immediate consequences on the creative process of Latin American literature. Globalization, a powerful phenomenon of homogenization and world wide integration, has direct consequences in the approach between cultural realities. This generates a dialogue between cultures and disciplines with the inevitable effects of transculturation and social hybridism, symbiosis and syncretism. Two conglomerates of writers, currently not so contemporary, were chosen as the most representative and significant examples for this analysis. They date from 1996 and represent a premeditated and declared rupture against the literature that was being written in Latin America. The first conglomerate: five Mexican writers gather together around the denominated Crack Manifesto. The second: 141 McOndo is an anthology whose title makes a parody of Macondo, the archetypical city of Gabriel Garcia Márquez. The appearance of these new points of reference in Latin American literature draws our attention and we find it convenient to put them into its historic context and place in the Latin American narrative of the...
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Contemporary Mayan poetry
Matochová, Hana ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Vydrová, Hedvika (referee)
At the beginning of this study, we try to include the contemporary mayan poetry written on the Yucatán Peninsula into the mexican literature context. We adopt a postmodern view which applies special features as texts written in spanglish or the indigenous literary stream in order to produce an image of a border as a creative space. In the following chapter some statistics about actual situation of yucatec maya language are presented. Further we mention the differences between the yucatec literature written in spanish since the beginning of the 20th century and the mayan literature. In the case of the latter one we have enclosed a definition of the mayan literature written in spanish, because it is the major topic of this work. It is based on the fact that the bilingual authors use to write in the mayan language and later they make translations of their own texts. Consequently we bring a brief presentation of a historical review of mayan filology, putting emphasis on the eighties of the 20th century, when the most important steps towards this renascence were done. This part is completed by the opinion of a contemporary poet Cocom Pech, observing the changes and the media impact on this cultural phenomenon after the inssurection of zapatistas. Later on we analyse the problem of intercultural comprehension. In...
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Interaction between literature and film in Manuel Puig's novel
Lašťovková, Lucie ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (referee)
In the thesis "Interaction between literature and film in Manuel Puig's novel" we attempted to present a brief research of a possible relation between literature and film in the novel "Boquitas pintadas". The objective of this work was to answer the question whether there is some kind of interaction or interrelation between these two artistic forms and how this interaction is being showed. In the first part of this work we tried to define relation between literature and film in general focusing on their diverse means of expression which can be used for representing the concrete features. In this connection we sketched the possible ways of expression and we tried to find out whether the literature and film differ intrinsically. In this part we also investigated the influence of the film on Manuel Puig's writing in general. We mentioned the literary critics and the author's opinions about whether this influence is present or not in Puig's novels, as far as the formal elements (the narrator, characters description, dialogue) as well as the thematic elements (sentimental motives, melodrama) are concerned. In the main part of this work we focused on Puig's novel "Boquitas pintadas" and the study of the artistic means of expression which had been presented in the previous part. We gave a brief characteristic of...
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Reflection of the motif of homosexuality in Cuban exile literature
Škodová, Denisa ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Vydrová, Hedvika (referee)
This essay deals wi th the reflection of the motif of homosexuality in Cuban exile literature, with special focus on the work by the authors of the so called "Mariel generation~. The beginning of the essay explains the perception of the motif of homosexuality in literary and historical context. The most relevant conclusion of this part is the fact that despite the existence of this topic for centuries, it colud be finally freely depicted in the 1950s in the 20th cen tury . Thus, i t does not mean any "new" li terature, but a theme which is reflected in new conditions. Stili, towards the end of the 20th cen tury , after AIDS is disovered, the theme has to face again some signs of social refusal. The key sources in this part have been the works by Gregory Woods and Václav Jamek. The essay then analyzes the motif of homosexuality in Cuban li terature, focusing on authors who wrote about homosexuali ty and thus influenced the authors of the Mariel generation i.e. José Lezama Lima, Virgilio Pifiera or Guillermo Cabrera Infante. It also explains the opressive attitude of the Cuban regime towards homosexual individuals. To understand the work of the Mariel generation, the essay presents in more details the problems wi th i ts denomination and criteria to belong to this group. The figures of literary criticism do...
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Martí-Emerson: Freedom - the inner voice
Bulková, Barbora ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Fousek, Michal (referee)
Cílem této práce bylo poukázat na shodnost názorů v oblasti tématu svobody spisovatelů Martího a Emersona. Martí se ve svém díle zaměřil především na svobodu národa a Emerson, na svobodu jedince. Skrze porovnání přístupu obou autorů k danému tématu, jsme dospěli k řadě shodných řešení hledání svobody, na něž oba spisovatelé ve svých dílech poukazují, a která vychází ze stejného pojetí člověka a jeho propojenosti s kontinuální JEDNOTOU všeho. Do první části jsme zahrnuli životopisné údaje obou autorů, jejichž znalost nám přiblížila důvody vzniku některých citových vazeb spisovatelů, jejich inklinaci k dané společenské vrstvě či úzké vazby s přírodou. Závěr této části obsahuje stručný popis vlivů, které formovaly tvorbu kubánského spisovatele, mezi něž patří i R.W.Emerson. Pro názornou ilustraci úcty a lásky, jež Martí k Emersonovi choval, jsme se blíže zaměřili na Martího esej "Emerson". Ve druhé části jsme se soustředili na koncepci vlády u obou autorů, vytyčení překážek, které jsou lákadly a často i osudovými chybami jednotlivých vlád, a nastínění oblastí, v jejichž respektování lze najít cestu k vytvoření ideální vlády. Jedná se o minulost jako součást přítomnosti dané země a z ní vyvěrající potřeba přijmout původní, tedy indiánské, obyvatelstvo, jejich kulturu a vědomosti za součást stávající kultury a...
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Buenos Aires in the view of Martínez Estrada and Borges
Mojžíšová, Štěpánka ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Fousek, Michal (referee)
Buenos Aires represents in the decade of the twentieth and thirtieth years of the twentieth century an aerea where many different factors, brought by the Industrial Revolution, politics and modern progress, are interfusing. The capital city is becoming a megapolis and that's why the character of the suburb, intervening in the argentinian pampa, is changing too. It is becoming rare to see there the original argentinian type called gaucho or compadre, on the contrary, the number of immigrants, especially from Italy, is increasing. The immigration is putting the finishing touches to the social structure but it is also modifying some of the argentinian cultural traits, for example the tango. Two great argentinian essayists, Ezequiel Martínez Estrada and Jorge Luis Borges, answer in their works to these changes. Martínez Estrada adverts with pessimism to the "problems" and "critical" situation and he is afraid of the future evolution of the city and the society which is showing certain elements of degeneration. Borges, on the other hand, is orientating himself on the past creating a microworld of the suburbs of Buenos Aires at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century. The microwolrd is based on his memories, literary work of Evaristo Carriego and largely on fictive ideas. This concept contains all the...
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Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: travel and change (Naufragios)
Marešová, Jaroslava ; Vydrová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Housková, Anna (referee)
The book known nowadays as Naufragios by Álvar Núez Cabeza de Vaca is one of the most important testimonies about the discovery and conquest of the New World. The first half of the 16th century saw many exploration and conquest travels in which thousands of sailors, explorers, conquerors and soldiers had to face the reality of the just discovered continent. It is really interesting to see how those who wrote about this event experienced it. Naufragios has always been read as a source of historical and anthropological information, but it has been also studied for the literature elements which we can find in it. In my thesis, I tried to look at the work in its complexity: see the literature influences in it and find those elements that we could call literature elements, but also I wanted to focus on the unusual experience of the author and look into the testimony of his experience with the American reality and see how this experience changed him. My thesis begins with a historical introduction which I consider very important to situate the work in its context. I tried to explain the events which led to the discovery of the New World and also the reaction of the Old World to the discovered one. After this general introduction my work continues with analysis of the first literature that treated the reality of...
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The principle of play in the novel Tres tristes tigres and Rayuela
Štefanová, Veronika ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Poláková, Dora (referee)
This thesis investigates the principle of play in the diverse constituents of the modern novel, represented by the works of Rayuela by Julio Cortázar and Tres tristes tigres by Guillermo Cabrera Infante. In the chapter 1, it inquires into the conception of play in the point of view of the philosophy (mainly of Eugen Fink), sociology (of Roger Caillois) and psycology (of Carl Gustav Jung). In the chapter 2, it focuses from the point of view of the literary science on the play in the modern novel and it gives some examples from the world-literature. The chapter 3, which is the center of the thesis, applies the outcomes of the previous chapters in the analysis and comparison of the principle of play on the thematic, language, compositive and narrative level directly in the novels Rayuela and Tres tristes tigres, and on the finish it tries to formulate the sight of the world and the man in both works.
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Hopscotch by Cortázar - a game in many games
Zatlkajová, Katarína ; Housková, Anna (advisor) ; Sánchez Fernández, Juan Antonio (referee)
The intention of my thesis Hopscotch by Cortázar - a game in many games was to analyze the novel in its ludic dimension. I tried to see the game as a multiplicative element and, at the same time, as an element that provides unit to the work. Therefore, I use as an interpretative instrument the semantic gesture of Jan Mukařovský. However, I do not intend to utilize this term in his whole meaning, I wanted to study the multiplicity and unit of the game, exploring some of the aspects of the semantic gesture. Despite the game has dynamic features, it also has two concrete forms in the novel. Hopscotch is many games, but especially is two: esthetic and moral game. When I speak about the esthetic game, I refer to the formal aspects of the novel. I tried to study the esthetic game in its multiplicative dimension, as well as an element that creates unit in the dynamics of the novel. Therefore, I my research went through the formal aspects of the work. I observed the problem of the name, genre, structure and the relations between characters, readers and the author. On one hand, the novel is presented, thanks to the game, as an open, infinite book. The ludic element also provides to the author an instrument to play with the structure of the novel, creating infinite possibilities of lecture. At the third...
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