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Alternative vectors of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)
Jursová, Klára ; Sádlová, Jovana (advisor) ; Dvořák, Vít (referee)
The life cycle of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Tripanosomatidae) alternates between vertebrate hosts and insect vectors. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were supposed to be the only arthropod vectors supporting morphological and functional development of the parasite including production of infective metacyclic forms capable to infect the vertebrate host. Recently also other bloodsucking arthropods have been suggested for possible transmission of some Leishmania species. The bachelor thesis summarizes the recent knowledge about these alternative vectors of Leishmania.
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Identification of bloodmeal sources in phlebotomine sand flies and other bloodfeeding arthropods
Kykalová, Barbora ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Spitzová, Tatiana (referee)
Hematophagous arthropods that are involved in transmission of many infectious diseases have profound importance in human and veterinary medicine. Bloodmeal identification considerably contributes towards better understanding of vector-borne diseases and vector-host interaction. It reveals epidemiologically significant data on reservoir hosts and degree of anthropophily of studied arthropods. Methods of bloodmeal identification evolved from field observations, serological and DNA-based methods towards protein analyses. Nowadays, the most frequent methods are DNA-based methods but new methods are still being developed. This bachelor thesis summarizes and compares used methods with the primary focus on phlebotomine sand flies, which are involved in transmission of leishmaniases. Key words: sand flies, bloodmeal identification, hematophagous arthropods, analysis
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Leishmaniasis and its vectors in the Balkan area
Grešová, Markéta ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Spitzová, Tatiana (referee)
Leishmaniases are parasitic diseases transmitted by bloodsucking sand flies, which are distributed worldwide. Beside America, Africa and Asia, they are also present in southern Europe, mostly in the Mediterranean area, where L. infantum causes mainly visceral, rarely also cutaneous form of the disease. Balkan Penninsula is also one of endemic regions. Here, thanks to huge malaria eradication campaign in the 1950's, number of cases declined massively. Nevertheless, leishmaniasis has been reemerging since then. The main vectors of human leishmaniasis are sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius, mainly P. neglectus, P. perfiliewi and P. tobbi. The main reservoir animal is a domestic dog. Currently, the epidemiological significance of domestic cats and wild animals (hare, jackal, fox) is also studied. Most cases of human leishmaniasis are reported from Albania and Greece, where L. tropica is also present, causing cutaneous form of the disease. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the occurrence of leishmaniasis and its vectors in individual Balkan countries. Key words: leishmaniasis, Europe, Balkan, L. infantum, sand flies
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Comparison of molecular methods for identification of sand flies
Gottfried, Vítězslav ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of important human and veterinary infectious diseases which are distributed mainly in subtropical and tropical areas around the world. The most important transmited infection is leishmaniosis. Over 900 species and subspecies of Phlebotominae subfamily have been described and classified into 32 genera. Their taxonomy has not been fully resolved yet. Morphological identification of each species is time-consuming, some species are even morphologically undefinable. For these reasons the molecular methods of identification are used. The methods described in this bachelor thesis study molecular structures and etologic displays. All these methods had been used for species identification of sand flies and are followed by examples of usage, adventages and disadvantages.
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Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies
Hlavačková, Kristýna ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on species identification of sand flies belonging to two genera of the subfamily Phlebotominae, genus Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. Genus Phlebotomus together with the genus Lutzomyia of New World include the only proven vectors of Leishmania parasites and they are also carriers of viral and bacterial infections. Species of the genus Sergentomyia are proven vectors of sister genus Sauroleishmania that infects reptiles, but for several decades there have been speculations about their possible involvement in the transmission of mammalian Leishmania species. These suspicions arise mainly from repeated findings of mammalian Leishmania parasites in their digestive system. Correct species determination of medically significant hematophagous arthropods is very important especially for purposes of epidemiological studies so that efficient vector control may be correctly set. Routine identification of sand flies is based on morphological characters located mainly on their heads and genitalia. However, these characters may be variable within a species, they require certain expertise and in the field samples they may be damaged, making proper species identification impossible. This thesis therefore presents two alternatives of sand fly identification based on molecular...
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Intraspecific variability of Phlebotomus sergenti, a major vector of Leishmania tropica
Dvořák, Vít
"Intraspecific variability of Phlebotomus sergenti, a major vector of Leishmania tropica" Vít Dvořák PhD. Thesis, defended in September 16, 2008 Phlebotomus sergenti is the main vector of Leishmania tropica, a causative agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, therefore a sand fly species of great medical importance. As it has a very broad range of distribution, a notable intraspecific variability was expected and a possibility of several cryptic species was postulated with differences in ecology, host preferences and vectorial capacity, meaning important implications in diagnostics, epidemiology and medical therapy. The presented thesis studied intraspecific variability of P. sergenti by crossmating analysis of laboratory colonies with different geographical origin as well as by several approaches of molecular taxonomy deployed on specimens from wild populations collected in the field. We demonstrated that crossing is possible between P. sergenti laboratory-reared specimens from colonies originating from Turkey and Israel. Succesful mating and insemination was observed, viable hybrid F1 and F2 offsprings were obtained from both parental combinations, no statistically significant difference in the egg production was found in the hybrids. Analysis of wild populations of P. sergenti from Turkey, Israel, Syria,...
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Genus Sergentomyia and its role in the transmission of Leishmania
Hlavačková, Kristýna ; Dvořák, Vít (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
Sand flies, members of the subfamily Phlebotominae do not occur in the CzechRepublic, but as near as in the Mediterraneantheir fauna is quite abundant. Sand flies can be found approximately between 50řN and 40řS. Species of genus Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia and Lutzomyia include medically and veterinary important vectors of viral and bacterial diseases as well as leishmaniasis, one of the most important human protozoal diseases. 321 years have passed since the first sand fly was described, but only 110 years ago intensive taxonomic work began. Over the years many classification systems have been proposed, mainly based on division of morphological characters. The classification is not clearly settled even after several taxonomic revisions and many questions remain, especially about genus Sergentomyia, which is repeatedly mentioned in connection with transmission of mammals' leishmaniasis. This bachelor thesis gives contemporary summary of taxonomic knowledge of sand flies; special attention is given to genus Sergentomyia.
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Intraspecific variability of Phlebotomus sergenti, a major vector of Leishmania tropica
Dvořák, Vít ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; DEPAQUIT, Jérôme (referee) ; Maroli, Michele (referee)
t ( Results l. We demonstratedthat crossing b possible betweenP. sergenti laboratory-reared specimens tom coloníes originating fiom Turkey and brael. Succesful mating and irseminationwas oberved and viable hybrid Fl and F2 offEpringswercobtaínedfromboth parentalcombinatiors.No satbtically significantdíftrencewas bund in theegg production oťthehybrideswtrcncomparcd!o theparents. 2. RAPD analysš was able to dštingušh clearly beween membes of Turkish and hneli colony.When Fl pÍogenyobtainedfromthecÍossflatingstudywere includedin the RAPD anallsb, thesesamples 6rmed a dbtinct groupwith positionintermediatebetween Turkish and lsraelisubgroup,not only sharinga portionof ban& with each of the parenal coloniesbutalsoexhibitingseveraluniqueloci. The rcsultsofRAPD analysbwerc in accord with geometricmorphometricanalysb of wing shapeof P. sergentifrom TuŘey and Israe| demomtratingtbatbothmolecutarbiologyandmorphologicalapproacbesarecomplementary. 3. RAPD provedto be a rseful methodfur identificationandcomparisonof P. sergenti specimem tom two foci of cutaneors leishmaniasbin northemIsraelwhich difrr in the vector. 4. No microsatsllitemarkes pÍeviouslyšolated for otherphlebotominespecieswerc found applicableon P. sergeni. A developmentof speciesspecific microsatellitemarker panel was sbÍtedand two suitable ma*es were...
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Block of flats at Vinohrady street
Dvořák, Vít ; Šiška, Radek (referee) ; Strnad, Jiří (advisor)
The master´s thesis is focused on a design of monolithic reinforced concrete construction of an apartment building. The content of this work is design of two ceiling slabs, staircase, supporting columns, walls, girders and concrete pile construction of foundation. Thesis includes working-out of static calculation, elaboration drawing of shape, reinforcement of solved elements and evolvement of assembly drawings. The rest of the project parts are not analysed.
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