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Reeducation of mechanical knowledge in mathematics during private supplementary tutoring
Novotná, Gabriela ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The diploma thesis is aimed at reeducation of mechanical knowledge in the area of fractions. Since every student has different needs and pace in his/her process of gaining knowledge, the reeducation is set into their private supplementary tutoring lessons. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts (how is the private supplementary tutoring understood in this thesis, which students are taken into consideration, and what is mechanical knowledge) are explained based on Czech and foreign literary sources, subsequently, the constructivist way of teaching, which is suitable for the reeducation of mechanical knowledge, is described. The second part of this thesis is constituted by the practical implementation of the theoretical findings into three case studies. Three students were diagnosed with mechanical knowledge in the area of fractions. Subsequently, their knowledge was being reeducated during their private supplementary tutoring lessons. The process of reeducation of each student is described in detail, moreover, a kind of manual describing what should not be avoided when dealing with this topic is included. KEY WORDS mechanical knowledge, reeducation, private supplementary tutoring, fractions 5
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The effect of vanZTei and vanZg expression on resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus
Zieglerová, Leona ; Balíková Novotná, Gabriela (advisor) ; Lichá, Irena (referee)
A membrane protein VanZTei which is encoded by the gene vanZ from the vanA glycopeptide resistance gene cluster is a part of the large family of VanZ proteins. VanZTei confers resistance to teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecalis without the presence of other proteins encoded by the cluster. The aim of my work was to compare the ability of two orthologous proteins VanZTei and VanZg (from the genome of Enterococcus faecium) to confer resistance to glycopeptides in Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 and Enterococcus faecium. We have shown that VanZg increases resistance to teicoplanin (Tei) 8 to 16 times the and also to dalbavancin (Dalb) 8 times. VanZTei also confers resistance to Tei and Dalb, but the increase is only twofold. Conversely VanZTei confers resistance to newly synthetized glycopeptides more effectively than VanZg (fourfold increase of resistance confered by VanZTei and two to fourfold increase of resistance confered by VanZg). It suggests that both proteins have different specificity to antibiotics. In despite the mutants of S. aureus RN4220 VanZTei pRMC2 with increased resistance to teicoplanin (MICTei> 8 µg/ml) in which the resistance is dependent on vanZTei expression were selected. These resistant mutants do not carry mutation in a gene vanZTei or in its ribosomal binding site. Neither of the...
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Commonly Mispronounced English Words by Czech Speakers
Novotná, Gabriela ; Červinková Poesová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Bojarová, Marie (referee)
The first chapters of this thesis describe the process of collecting mispronounced words in English, first by searching through various sources including course books, didactic manuals and teachers' books; and second by attending English lessons at various schools and listening to Czech students' production of English. The collected data were classified according to the cause of observed mispronunciations. The established categories were analysed and commented from the phonetic point of view. The practical part further contains a small-scale research carried out among university students of the English language in which their reading was recorded and evaluated in relation to the examined phenomenon. Key words commonly mispronounced words, Czech native speakers, stress placement, silent letters 1
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Golden section
Novotná, Gabriela ; Zhouf, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
Golden Section Gabriela Novotná Abstract The first chapters of this thesis deal not only with the history, but also with the present of the golden section. It details the first references on record, describe the beginning of its intuitive and later also intentional usage, designation and terminology, and examines its application into the modern world. It also relates the lives of several personalities, too, above all Euclid, Plato, Leonardo Fibbonacci and Leonardo da Vinci. Then the thesis descibes the theoretical part aspects - expressions of the golden proportion and the golden number, as well as geometrical contructions on the basis of different default parameters. It investiates the golden figures and those which are derived from them and it shows connections between the golden section and Fibonacci numbers. In the following chapters the solid figures related to the golden section are examined. The next part deals with practical application and contains my own research. It analyses the so-called 'magical aspect' of the golden section, i.e. if the figures designed according to this ratio are really the most delightfull and the most appreciated ones. Finally, few specimen exercises for the secondary students are shown.
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Affecting the flat foot in children with Down syndrome
NOVOTNÁ, Gabriela
This bachelor thesis deals with one of the most common problems, from which the people with Down syndrome suffer flat foot. Flat foot appears along with this illness more often than with healthy population. This fact is given by the presence of excessive amount of collagen type VI, also by generalised low muscle tone (hypotonia) and hypermobility. Human foot is a very important part of the musculoskeletal system and performs statical, as well as dynamical function. The sole is capable of kindly taking to the terrain on which it moves. The foot ensures the stability of the either standing or moving body, moreover it is source of proprioceptive information from minor planta. To perform these functions, it is necessary that arch of the foot is properly created, to centre stance of joints of the foot be set and no other deformations be present. Many information about the treatment of healthy children for flat foot can be found in professional literature, but unfortunately no information about the treatment of children with such genetical burden so far. Many opinions about the flat foot treatment occur among the professional community, next to starting active exercise it is often recommended to wait with the treatment till further age or use only passive orthopaedical tools. This thesis aims to bring closer the possibilities of the flat foot treatment of children with Down syndrome. In the theoretical part, the Down syndrome is described, its cause of creation and characteristics. Attention is given to signs of the disease on the musculoskeletal system. Moreover, the theoretical part discusses the human foot, its anatomy, kinesiology, its functions and most common deformity flat foot. The diagnostics of the flat foot is described as well the Chippaux - Šmiřák method. The practical part of the thesis is carried out by casuistries with the help of qualitative research. The research set consists of three children with Down syndrome, two girls aged 11 and 8 and one boy aged 5. The therapy was carried out during 5 months. Once in 14 days the children came with their parents to Centre Arpida in České Budějovice for the therapy lead by me, and the children should then exercise daily at home with the help of their parents. At the beginning of the therapy, an entering kinesiological examination was done, footprints were made, as well as examination of standing with the help of dynamical pavement Zebris at the Rehabilitation department of Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. At the end of the therapy, this examination was carried out again and the occurring changes were described.
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The effect of aminoacid variability on the resistance phenotype in ARE subfamily of ABC proteins
Lenart, Jakub ; Balíková Novotná, Gabriela (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
ARE subfamily proteins belonging to ABC transporters confers a different degree of resistance to macrolides, linkosamides and streptogramins antibiotics. Among the most clinically ARE subfamily proteins in staphylococci is Vga(A) protein lead to the award resistance to streptogtramins A. In 2006, discovered the new variant called the Vga(A)LC, which in addition to streptogramins A resistance also confers linkosamides. Vga(A) and Vga(A)LC differ in only 7 amino acids, yet confer different resistance phenotypes. In previous experiments it was found that the central role in determining substrate specificity play a 4 amino acid differences that accumulate in the section of 15 amino acids within the linker connecting the two ABC domains (positions 212, 219, 220 and 226). The combination of amino acids LGAG Vga(A) increases resistance to streptogramins A while present in combination SVTS Vga(A)LC increased resistance to linkosamides. Although in this subfamily includes a large number of resistance proteins, the mechanism of resistance has not yet been established with certainty. The aim was to create a new Vga(A) variants that contain specific combinations of amino acids for Vga(A) and Vga(A)LC protein at positions 212, 219, 220 and 226 and compared their ability to grant resistance to linkosamides. We also...
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Antibiotic resistance conferred by members of ARE subfamily of ABC proteins
Veselá, Ludmila ; Balíková Novotná, Gabriela (advisor) ; Borčin, Kateřina (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the ARE subfamily of ABC transporters. The importance of the proteins of this subfamily lies in the fact that they confer resistance to several classes of clinically important antibiotics: macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramines and pleuromutilines and they do it in significant pathogens, as for example Staphylococcus aureus. Compared to canonical ABC transporters, the structure of ABC proteins lacks the transmembrane domain (TMD) and so far, there where not even found an integrating transmembrane protein. Due to these facts, the mechanism of resistance conferred by these proteins remains unclear. In the thesis, both suggested hypotheses of the mechanism of how these proteins work are discussed. The first hypothesis presumes the active efflux of antibiotics out of the bacteria. The second hypothesis suggests release of antibiotic from its binding site initiated by ARE proteins, followed by its passive diffusion out of the cell. Keywords: ABC proteins, ARE proteins, resistance, MLS, Vga
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Economic development of prices of gold in the world markets
Novotná, Gabriela ; Severová, Lucie (advisor) ; Spiesová, Daniela (referee)
The thesis focuses on analyses of price development of gold from 1971 to 2015. In 1971 Bretton Woods system, which set the price of one Troy ounce to 35 US dollars, collapsed. After the collapse of this monetary system the price was left to the market. The work focuses on more recent development of price of gold between the years 2005 and 2015 and tries to identify the factors influencing the price of chosen commodity. Price of gold is in US dollars for one Troy ounce which id 31,1 grams. Literature review looks at general properties of gold. Further, it sums up the history of gold as means of payment and different kinds of gold standards, which clarify how gold as currency has slowly been replaced by different substitutes, mainly inadequate coins, banknotes or wireless transfer of money. Then, the term investment gold is explained and several possible ways to invest into gold are shown. Further chapters focus on gold mining and setting of current price of gold in London. Practical part looks at supply and demand for gold, composition of supply and demand and development in time. Next part of the work is above mentioned analyses of price development focusing on years 2005 to 2015, stating real price of gold in US dollars per Troy ounce. In conclusion the most important factors influencing price of gold are described and the authors opinion about price prediction is given.
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Mechanismus rezistence makrolidů a linkosamidů v koaguláze negativních stafylokoků v ČR a nové typy na linkosamid resistentních S. haemolyticus
Novotná, Gabriela ; Janata, Jiří ; Spížek, Jaroslav
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate an incidence of different resistance mechanisms to macrolides and lincosamides in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in the Czech Republic. Methods: Phenotypes were determined by triple-disc diffusion method. The presence of the genes ermA, ermC (resistance by target site alteration) msrA (efflux resistance) and linA (resistance by antibiotic inactivation) was tested by Southern blot analysis. A bioassay for the detection of lincomycin inactivation mechanism was performed in lincosamide-resistant strains, where none of the resistance genes was detected. In these strains also PFGE analysis was done. Results: In 99 clinical isolates in vitro resistant to one of erythromycin, lincomycin or clindamycin, triple-disc diffusion method reveals seven different phenotypes corresponding with resistance mechanisms. The resistance was mainly due to the presence of msrA gene, which was detected in 53 strains. Genes ermC and ermA were detected in 42 strains and the linA was detected in 28 strains. In 15 lincosamides-resistant strains no resistance gene was detected. Lincosamides were not inactivated in those strains indicating a new type of resistance different from inactivation. Conclusion: The dissemination of resistance types differs strongly from the published data. While in other countries cross-resistance to macrolides and lincosamides conferred by ermA and ermC predominates, in the Czech Republic the gene msrA is the most frequent genetic determinant conferring resistance to macrolides only. It follows that one third of macrolide-resistant staphylococci remains lincosamide-sensitive. A homogenous group of lincosamide-resistant S. haemolyticus with unknown resistance mechanism was newly defined.
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