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Treatment of tobacco dependence: knowledge and interest among smokers in Kolín area
Vodičková, Ludmila ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
According to a research report made by National Institute of Health in 2012, in the Czech Republic can be over 24 % of the population classified as regular smokers who smokes more than one cigarette a day. There is no doubt that smoking ranks among current societal problems that threatens the health of about two and a half million people in the Czech Republic.For this reason, in this thesis I concerned myself with subject of treatment of tobacco dependence and I'm trying to determine the level of knowledge about treatment options among the smokers in the Kolín area and if they are interested in treatment. This thesis is divided in two parts - theoretical and practical. Goal of the theoretical part is to describe methods of diagnosis of tobacco addiction and treatment options. The first chapter of this thesis describes and explains what is nicotine, tobacco with its brief history and the concept of passive smoking. The second chapter deals with what is addiction to tobacco, describes the principle and neurobiology. The third chapter deals with the different ways to diagnose tobacco dependence and the last, the fourth chapter of the theoretical part provides information about treatment options. Practical work aimed to investigate awareness about treatment options for tobacco dependence among smokers...
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Harm reduction and tobacco smoking
Remešová, Renáta ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
The main goal of this work was to investigate behavior and attitude of Czech smokers towards e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and reduction of number of cigarettes by means of questionnaire inquiry. These Harm Reduction methods are favorable for smokers who at present are not able or willing to quit smoking as prevalence of smoking and mortality resulting from diseases connected to smoking are high. Theoretical part concerns basic notions and terminology of tobacco, epidemiology of tobacco usage, legislative measures and above all the less risky alternatives of tobacco usage together with their most current research. Practical part firstly describes methods of data collection and analysis coming from quantitative research based on questionnaires as well as results of the analysis. Target group were smokers aged 15 and more, living in the area of Czech Republic. Total amount of respondents was 302. Data were collected through internet portal vyplnto.cz as and personally by questioning random people and firms in Prague and then processed through statistical program R and Microsoft Excel. Methods are those of descriptive statistics. The first part of results introduces prevalence data which are almost identical to those of Český zdravotní ústav (2012). Then several pairs of variables were chosen and...
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Cigarette boxes in frame of tobacco control
Vitásková, Kristýna ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Background: Cigarette package is important for consumers and the tobacco industry. It is important part of the overall marketing strategy as well. There is a lot of evidence showing a causal relationship between tobacco marketing and smoking rate. Health warnings on packages are direct and important means of communication with smokers therefor the introduction of legislative measures in the field of tobacco control is needed. Objectives: Main objectives are to complete a current overview of the results of research studies dealing with the approaching of different countries of the world in influencing smokers through packaging and to see what impacts on smokers have legislative measures relating to plain packages and picture warnings. Through this work I would like to prove the introduction of legislative measures promoting health picture warnings and plain packaging appear to be effective. Methods: The research group consists of published scientific articles searched in the English language identified through electronic databases PubMed and subsequently analyzed. Data collection was conducted in the period from April to July 2014, relevant articles available were included. A total of 30 original articles met inclusion criteria, including 25 quantitative studies, 3 qualitative studies, 1 study with...
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Tobacco dependence in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers
Kuchařová, Lada ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Backrounds: This thesis deals with the research of tobacco dependence in pregnant and breast-feeding mothers. One hundred pregnant or maternity leave women smokers or former smokers participated in the research. The quantitative data were obtained using online questionnaire. The study is completely anonymous. Objectives: The main objective of this research is to determine whether pregnancy significantly motivates women to stop smoking cigarettes because of the health of their child and whether the motive to gieve up smoking in financial terms. The secondary objective of the study was to find out how the gynecologist will react when he finds that his female patient - smoker is pregnant. Methods: The data were obtained using an anonymous online questionnaire. Data has been processed using quantitative analytical and statistical methods while keeping ethical principles. Results: 100 women participated the study. Women aged 20-25 years old have appeared most frequently (total 30|%) in the research sample. Almost half (46%) of surveyed women started smoking at the age of 17-18 years. Two women reported that smoking since twelve years. 38% women were pregnant at the time of research. Almost a third (32%) patients have not been asked, whether they are smoking. Of the remaining 68% women, who have been...
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Trends in the use of electronic cigarettes in the smokers of tobacco products
Hönigová, Karolína ; Štěpánková, Lenka (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Anotation The Master's degree thesis Trends in the use of electronic cigarette in the population of smokers of tobacco products provides a pilot research and analysis of the use of electronic cigarette in the current population of smokers in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, it presents the most common motivation patterns of its consumption among tobacco smokers. To this purpose, the author developped her own questionnaire addressed to a predefined sample of respondents. The first, theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to analysis of tobacco and nicotine and their effects on human health. Further, the thesis focuses entirely on the analysis of electronic cigarette. The practical part is based on a questionnaire designed and distributed by the author herself directly or through the internet among 105 respondents. The target group are smokers of tobacco products between 25 and 55 years old living in the Czech Republic who have pasively or actively had a contact with electronic cigarette. This is to determine the common attitudes towards the electronic cigarette and analyse the current trends in its use in the population of smokers. The second part of the thesis offers a detailed evaluation of the results of the questionnaire obtained through the answers of 105 respondents, their motivations for its use...
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Smokers' knowledge about tobacco dependence treatment possibilities
Trefanec, Jan ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
Background: Most smokers would like to get rid of their addiction, but have not sufficient knowledge about treatment options. According to research in 2011 in the Czech Republic, there are 29.1% of smokers and about than 60% of them considered quitting smoking. Objective: To investigate awareness of teatment options of tobacco dependence. Methods: The theoretical part of this work focuses on the history of tobacco use, depending on the diagnosis, the most common health consequences of smoking and tobacco dependence treatment options. To obtain information about the awareness of smokers (N = 100) of treatment options have been used quantitative research in the form of anonymous semi-structured interview with 9 questions with one or more answers. The interview was intended only for smokers. It was not a representative sample. Results: Only a small proportion of smokers (8%) would seek professional helpwith smoking cessation. Awareness of the Centers for Toabcco-Dependent was low (25%). Smokers have information about a possible pharmacological treatment (27%) most frequently reported nicotine replacement therapy (73%). The greatest source of information about treatment options was television (68%), doctor or pharmacist at least (8% 4% respectively). Discussion: In the future it would be appropriate to extend...
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Tobacco Dependence Treatment and Depressive Disorder. Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Depression History
Štěpánková, Lenka ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Šteflová, Alena (referee) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
Success rate of tobacco dependence treatment among patients with and without a history of depression Introduction: Higher prevalence of smoking among depressive patients, as well as higher risk of depression in smokers, are well documented. Views on treatment of tobacco dependence in this subgroup of smokers are controversial. Aim: A/ To compare the abstinence rate among smokers with or without a history of depression receiving treatment for nicotine dependence at one year follow up. B/ Factors associated with treatment success were evaluated and analysed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1 730 smokers treated at our Centre for Tobacco-Dependent (CTD) between 2005 and 2010 was conducted. Patients were treated with a combination of psychobehavioural interventions and pharmacotherapy (nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, bupropion or combinations). At one year follow-up smoking abstinence was biochemically validated by measuring expired CO. Results: 16.7 % (289/1730) of smokers currently, or had formerly, received treatment for depression. Based on the average Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), most patients with a history of depression were heavily nicotine dependent with a score of 6.1, compared to 5.6 (p=0.010) among those without a history of depression. The CO validated success rate...
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Cardiovascular disease and smoking. Treatment of tobacco dependence and cardiovascular risk
Zvolská, Kamila ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Šteflová, Alena (referee) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
(EN) Introduction: Tobacco dependence is one of the four major risk factors (RF), cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Objective: Analysis of CV risk of patients of our Center for Tobacco-Dependent. Methods: A retrospective assessment of the presence of CVD, RF for CVD and CV risk level according to the method SCORE in our patients - smokers from 2007 - 2009 (N = 1,349, 52.2% males, age range 25-64 years, mean age 44 ± 11, 7). CV risk was also evaluated one year after the baseline visit including newly diagnosed CVD RF, abstinence from smoking was validated by carbon monoxide in expired air. The results were compared to those of smokers in the study postMONICA (N = 1,122, 54.5% men, mean age 46 ± 11). Compared to the general population of smokers (postMONICA) significantly more Center patients had automatically high CV risk and CVD. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was comparable as well as prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia in smokers without automatically high CV risk. Significantly fewer Center patients without automatically high CV risk were obese, family history was also significantly lower risk. Significantly more women with low RF and significantly fewer men aged 55-59 and women aged 55-64 with SCORE ≥ 5% came to the Center. Success rate of Center patients with SCORE < 5 % was 44.3 %...
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Tobacco dependence in selected patients of the Psychiatric Hospital Prague, Bohnice and smoking cessation intervention
Přibyl, Petr ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Popov, Petr (referee)
Tobacco dependence in selected patients of the Psychiatric Hospital Prague, Bohnice and smoking cessation intervention Background The goal of this thesis was to explore tobacco consumption in mentally-ill patients hospitalized in Psychiatric Hospital Prague (one of the largest facilities providing psychiatric care in the Czech Republic) and to provide detailed overview of smoking habits in a group of mentally-ill smokers. Another goal was to survey the availability of tobacco dependence treatment for hospitalized patients. The thesis was written as a reaction to current reasearch work on this topic in the Czech Republic, which can be characterized by a lack of relevant data about smoking in psychiatric patients. Methods Our research combined tools of cross-sectional and correlation study. We recruited 215 patients aged between 18 and 65 years. We completed a questionnaire based on data we obtained during semi-structured inteviews with patients and by measuring exhaled carbon monooxide concentration and we processed them using methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. Results We were successful in proving high prevalence of smoking (p=73,7 %) and also often strong nicotine addiction (p=47,4 %) in our studied group - which can be regarded as alarming. Obtained data about other aspects of...
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Treatment of tobacco dependence - Hospital Pribram physicians'information about treatment and intervention possibilities
Přibylová, Eva ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Štěpánková, Lenka (referee)
This work deals with possibilities of tobacco addiction treatment and ways of intervention which was subject of research in local hospital in Příbram. The main objective of this work is to map attitude of doctors in hospital of Příbram to tobacco addiction and also if they know all the possibilities of tobacco addiction treatment and which ways of intervention they are using for their patients. These issues were examined by quantitative research, questionnaire study form Theoretical part of this work deals mainly with tobacco addiction, diagnosis, neurobiology and treatment of tobacco addiction. It's a summary of this issues and information are coming from professional literature of this kind. In practical part is evaluated questionnaire with the help of bar graph and pie chart graph. Keywords: TOBACCO SMOKE, NICOTINE, TOBACCO ADDICTION, INTERVENTION, TOBACCO ADDICTION TREATMENT POSSIBILITIES
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