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Stress-free and stress-assisted aging of NiTi shape memory alloys
Dlouhý, Antonín ; Bojda, Ondřej ; Fiala, J.
The present work investigates coherent Ni4Ti3 precipitates in a Ti-50,7at%Ni shape memory alloy after different thermo-mechanical treatments. The study is based on the quantitative TEM (transmission electron microscopy) image analysis using the ACC (Adaptive Contrast Control) programme. The attention is given to a number, size and volume fraction of individual crystallographic variants of the Ni4Ti3 precipitates. Preliminary results suggest that, after common heat treatments, the precipitation of Ni4Ti3 particles is inhomogeneous not only as far as the density of particles in the original B2 grains is concerned but also with respect to the distribution of the crystallographic particle variants. The possible influence of the heterogeneous Ni4Ti3 precipitation on the characteristics of the martensitic transformations B2-R-B19’ is discussed.
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Influence of annealing conditions on Mossbauer spectroscopy parameters of Fe-Zn intermetallic phases
Zmrzlý, Martin ; Schneeweiss, Oldřich ; Houbaert, Y. ; Fiala, J.
The phase composition of galvannealed zinc coatings strongly depends on used annealing conditions. According to equilibrium binary phase diagram of iron and zinc, it is possible to find four intermetallic phases. They arise due to diffusion of zinc and have some certain limits of stability. After dipping into molten zinc the steel sheet proceeds to annealing furnace. Since this is the diffusion controlled and thermodynamically determined process, the composition of coating differs with temperature and time of annealing. Also within the phases themselves there are small but important differences of space arrangement of unit cells, what is clearly observable at Mossbauer spectra parameters ů isomer shifts, quadrupole splittings and relative areas of peaks.
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Nanoindentation and theoretical strength in metals and intermetallics
Šob, Mojmír ; Legut, Dominik ; Friák, Martin ; Fiala, J. ; Vitek, V. ; Hafner, J.
The present contribution gives an account of applications of quantum-mechanical (first-principles) electronic structure calculations to the problem of theoretical strength in metals and intermetallics. First, we briefly describe the way of simulating the tensile test and the electronic structure calculational method. Then we discuss the theoretical strength values in a number of elemental metals and intermetallics and compare them with available experimental data, both from measurements on whiskers and from nanoindentation experiments.
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Problems in Theories of Low Stress Creep Mechanisms
Kloc, Luboš ; Sklenička, Václav ; Fiala, J.
Viscous creep behaviour of many materials including creep resistant steels was observed at temperatures close to one half of absolute melting point and at very low stresses. The experimental results were interpreted as Coble diffusional creep and/or Harper-Dorn dislocation creep. Some of the results are in a very good agreement with the Coble theory of diffusional creep and support an idea that the diffusional creep is an important deformation mechanism under certain loading conditions. Nevertheless, another results are not fully compatible with the theoretical predictions. Some authors dispute the role or even the very existence of the diffusional creep and offer the Harper-Dorn creep mechanisms instead. In fact, there are many theories trying to deescribe Harper-Dorn creep mechanism, but none of them is capable to explain all observed properties. Transition (or primary) stage observed at low stress creep regime exhibits also some properties which contradict all existing theories. The observed effects which cannot be explained by the current theories are: i) a large scatter of creep rates observed for coarse grain materials, ii) creep rates much higher than those predicted by the diffusional creep theory while the creep rate dependence on grain size is maintained, iii) transition stage duration is independent of stress, iv) transition strain is dependent on temperature. Despite the problems in theoretical description, the experiments show that the viscous creep regime in structural materials must be considered as an important behaviour of the structural materials.
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