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Applications of thermoelectric generators
Kováč, Samuel ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The work describes the principle of thermoelectric conversion and the phenomenons by which it is mediated, it also deals with the factors that need to be sought in an effort to achieve the best efficiency of thermoelectric conversion. The next part includes an overview of case studies that serve as inspiration for the last, main part of this work, which will deal with the design of thermoelectric generator (TEG) integration. In this work found the procedure of selection of individual components that are not be excluded for the proper functioning of the thermoelectric generator. While the testing is performed on the basis of a mathematical model.It should confirm or refute the implementation of this project. Today, there is an electrical circuit including a thermoelectric generator, a DC converter, and wireless network sensors. The mathematical model confirmed that the TEG would be able to power -pressure, humidity and temperature sensors, at current of 0.314 A. The assumed temperature difference is 70 ° C. The work should acquaint the reader with the main pitfalls of thermoelectric conversion. It could also serve as a support in solving a similar problem of TEG implementation in a particular application.
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Analysis of factors influencing gas microturbine operation
Kostrhounová, Petra ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the assessment of operating parameters of a gas microturbine. The first part covers the gas microturbine, its function and individual structural components. It also describes the possible use in combined heat and power generation and an overview of main manufacturers in the current market. The theoretical part of the work, based on a search of professional studies, summarizes selected factors influencing the efficiency of the gas microturbine, namely temperature and relative humidity, atmospheric pressure and parameters of various types of fuel. In the last part, the work focuses on the specific operation of the gas microturbine Capstone C30. Data from experimental measurements are analysed and the electrical efficiency is determined from them, which is compared with theoretical assumptions. Finally, the influence of the measured parameters on the electrical efficiency of the microturbine is discussed and the ideal course of the experiment is proposed.
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Dry ice blasting for surface cleaning
Horňák, David ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis deals with dry ice blasting, which belongs to modern and effective surface cleaning methods. The websites of various manufactures clearly state that this method is utilized in many industries, but there is a low number of research articles dealing with this cleaning method. The amount of literature that covers the usage of this method in certain industries is also insufficient. For this purpose, systematic overview of dry ice blasting applications in industry is presented based on thorough review of literature. The technology of dry ice blasting including dry ice blasting machine and its individual equipment is also closely introduced. The thesis also includes the characteristic case study of high energy and economic intensity of this process. This study states that 94 % of cleaning expenses is linked with consumption of dry ice. The effective dry ice management is necessary from the economic point of view. Suggested saving measures follow on from these facts. These measures are: • process automation • custom applications • compressor optimization • replacement of compressed air with different form of energy Implementation of these saving measures can help greater extension of dry ice blasting in industrial practise.
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Control of gas microturbine equipped with waste heat recovery system
Kijanica, Michael ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with control of the cogeneration system which utilizes waste heat from gas microturbine. This complex cogeneration system was created in Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes NETME Centre and its main purpose is the research in utilization of high temperature flue gas from Capstone C30 microturbine for drying laundry. In case of implementation of similar cogeneration system in industrial or commercial laundries, it is necessary to design automatic control of such system to make laundry - operations easier, minimizing energy waste and maximizing safety.
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Experimental verification of a gas micro-turbine cogeneration system
Buřil, Lukáš ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with problematics of natural gas microturbine integration into industrial laundry operation. This integration means utilization of waste heat for direct drying and water heating in a heat exchanger. This heated water can be used in further laundry processes, for example laundering. All the experiments were carried out on the cogeneration system that is installed in Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes in NETME Centre at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Brno University of Technology. This system consists of a natural gas microturbine Capstone C30 with nominal electric power of 30 kW, an industrial dryer Primus DX55 with a nominal capacity of 55 kg for laundry and a heat exchanger Vakading type Vakavlas with nominal power of 53 kW. All necessary theoretical and technical preparation was done in order to carry out experiments as follows: • Standard drying program • Water accumulation test • Test of performance of heat exchanger • Direct drying with the use of microturbine’s flue gases These experiments were analyzed and discussed within this thesis. The main contribution of this work is as follows: • Summary of all the knowledge in the area of direct drying • Creation of methodology of utilization of flue gases for direct drying not only in laundry industry but in related fields • Summary of requirements and ways of heat exchanger testing and determination of heat exchanger parameters • Determination of optimal working settings of installed cogeneration system • Description of weak spots in the system and suggested improvements • Basic economic analysis of operating costs During the experiments, it was found that in case of direct drying better results could be achieved in comparison with standard drying. The functionality of the whole system together with the heat exchanger was verified and thus also the possibility of integrating the turbine into the washing process was confirmed. The integration of a natural gas microturbine is both technically and economically feasible for many industrial applications.
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Management of infectious waste
Martinek, Karel ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is the summary of processing rules, handling and disposal of waste from medical facilities in the Czech Republic and comparison of approach with other countries. Legislation of dangerous waste varies from country to country. Slight differences are also observed in the conception of individual regions of Czechia. Increasingly, infectious waste is decontaminated before final disposal by incineration. The thesis provides basic information, advantages or disadvantages of individual decontamination methods and comparison of some of them.
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Methods of infectious waste management from hospital operations
Kovář, Lukáš ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Konečná, Eva (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of health–care waste and the possibilities of disposal. It focuses on infectious waste generated by hospital business. There are a lot of special rules for infectious waste. It is very important to apply them in handling and subsequent disposal. Proper management of hazardous waste is very important for health security. The bachelor thesis will provide an overview of the methods for the disposal of hazardous wastes as well as their mutual comparison. One of the latest devices for the decontamination and destruction of medical material is the Converter.
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Progressive methods for waste water treatment
Doležalová, Adéla ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis contains a description of progressive separation methods for wastewater treatment. It deals with the basic principles of separation methods, including membrane processes, sonolysis, ozonization, photolysis and photocoalysis. Their strengths and weaknesses are also described. Part of the thesis is also evaluation and comparison of individual technologies with regard to their practical applicability.
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Utilization of waste heat from rectification
Frank, Vojtěch ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The purpose of the thesis is to draw up a model of the energy and material balance using technical and technological analysis of the current state of production of waste heat in the process of distillation. Using these results, subsequently evaluate the energy potential of individual streams and propose optimal energy savings using waste heat. Emphasis is placed on the modelling of the process and the various proposed savings options. The result is also an evaluation of the potential of the proposed savings based on the results of the calculation.
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Consumption analysis of industrial plants
Konečná, Eva ; Bobák, Petr (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The effort to limit the usage of primary energies highly relevant and topical issue on both European and global level. The wide and diverse industry area, especially the technological equipment of operation, still offer a large potential for such savings. Some of the tools that can be used to lower the consumption and overall operational costs are the energy management system and the energy audit, which helps to identify working areas with a potential for savings and efficiency improvements. However, the current approach to energy audit is not sufficient when it comes to technologies. Which is why this thesis aims at designing a universal methodology for audits with a focus on manufacturing and processing equipment, which will be easily applicable in various types of industrial production.
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