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Rudist assemblages of the Upper Cretaceous "pocket" infills in the Teplice rhyolite - systeamtics, palaeoecology, stratigraphy
Křížová, Barbora ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Čech, Stanislav (referee)
The study (MS, diploma thesis) is based on more than 1500 rudist samples from the Upper Cretaceous sediments of localities Písečný vrch and Na Stínadlech (near Teplice). Investigated samples come mainly from the collection of A. H. Fassel and were collected at the end of the 19th century, currently stored in the Regional museum in Teplice and National museum in Prague. The rudist shells were determined by generic and species levels, including five genera and eight species. The stratigraphic age of both localities has been a subject of discussion since the second half of the 19th century. In the recent decades, the opinion on the lower turonian age prevailed. However, five of the eight species present in the studied localities demonstrate the upper cenomanian age of the assemblages, making them probably the oldest known rudist-corals assemblages of its kind. The palaeoecological analysis and the ecological relationships proposal for the studied localities is based on the research in literature on palaeoecology and evolution of the rudists, also presented in the study. Key words: Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Cenomanian - Turonian, rudists, corals, palaeoenvironment, Teplice rhyolite
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Crustacea (Decapoda, Cirripedia) from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin
Kočová Veselská, Martina ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Krobicki, Michal (referee) ; Schweigert, Guenter (referee)
This thesis deals with systematic revision, evolutionary trends, palaeoecology and migration patterns of crustaceans (Cirripedia and Decapoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Thesis is presented as a compilation of 9 papers that were published in scientific peer-reviewed journals and includes not only old museum material, but also numerous crustacean specimens which have been recovered in the last decade. Besides, short remarks on fossil crustaceans currently under study or in the process of being published (Paraclythia, Oncopareia, Acrothoracica) are also included in this thesis. In view of the fact that the fossil crustaceans from the BCB were most recently recorded in the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries (and partially revised in the first half of the 20th century) and since the systematics and taxonomy have changed significantly, all papers presented here focus primarily on systematic revision and modern description. The essential part of the thesis thus deals with taphonomy and its bearing on the identification of fossil material. Thanks to a modern description, new species of Ctenocheles fritschi (axiidean shrimp), Archaeochionelasmus nekvasilovae (acorn barnacle), Myolepas reussi and Capitulum sklenari (pedunculate barnacles) were erected. C. fritschi is...
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Coral reef assemblages in the Earth history
Křížová, Barbora ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Kočí, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis summarizes the present status of findings of reef ecosystem in the Earth history, beginning with uncertain discoveries of Precambrian till the end of the Tertiary. The work is divided into three thematical units, according to the phanerozic erathems. In the beginning of every unit I describe the reef environment and its geographical presence in that time period. Next, I mention main groups of reef building organisms and their changes in time. A key part of each chapter are dedicated to the development of corals of given erathem, their prosperity during favorable conditions and impact of deteriorating conditions of their occurrence. And so, the other part of my work is also a description of the decline of coral reefs during the five main mass extinctions. The thesis also contains a comparison of the systematic classification of Anthozoa in biological and geological point of view. Key words: coral reefs in geological history, evolution, palaeoecology, composition
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Lower Turonian ammonites of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin: taxonomic synopsis, stratigraphy and palaeoecology
Kohout, Ondřej ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Ziegler, Václav (referee)
This thesis summarizes the findings of lower Turonian ammonites of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin (BCB). It presents an overview of the most important taxonomic species and their brief morphology and paleoecology. Marginally, it describes sedimentary facies of the BCB which belongs to the lower Turonian ("Bílá Hora" Formation). Part is devoted to determining the stratotype between Cenomanian and Turonian, to the events that occurred during this period (CTBE, OAE II) and their impact on biocoenosis of early Turonian ammonites. This thesis tries to comprehend the importance of ammonites biostratigraphy to define the Lower Turonian and basic ammonites zones, which belongs to this period. Defining stratotype Cenomanian / Turonian has not yet been satisfactorily resolved and this work is the basis for further research and study. Key words: ammonite, Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, biostratigraphy, Turonian, paleoecology
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Lower Cretaceous belemnites of the locality Štramberk: taxonomy, stratigraphy, palaeoecology, palaeobiogeography
Vaňková, Lucie ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Vašíček, Zdeněk (referee)
The study (MS, diploma thesis) is based on more than 1200 belemnite rostra set from the Lower Cretaceous sediments of locality Štramberk (N Moravia). Investigated rostra come from the collection of Dr. V. Houša, who collected them during the seventies to eighties of the last century, during intensive excavation of the Lower Cretaceous tectonic block named Š-12 "pocket". Belemnite rostra were determined at species and generic levels including 7 species and 18 genera. The majority of belemnite assemblage comes from the Lower Valanginian strata, however, also the Tithonian, Berriasian and Hauterivian taxa are present, what clearly documents the redeposition. The presence of mesohibilitids, known from the Barremian and younger deposits, still remains enigmatic. For better understanding of the redeposition proces, the alveolar infill formed by several generations of sediments, are investigated. Study of these sediments outlines the sedimentary development of the Baška elevation inside the Outer Carpathian system. Preliminary stable isotope data δ18 O and δ13 C received from belemnite rostra show different belemnite life-style during the ontogeny - i.e. juvenile bottom life style and adults inhabiting shallow/warmer waters. Negative values of δ18 O should be correlated with the "Valanginian extinction...
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Palaeoecological aspects of Rhynchostreon Bayle oyster evolution
Rantuch, Jakub ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Juřičková, Lucie (referee)
This paper presents a multilevel analysis of palaeoecological aspects of the process of the Rhynchostreon genera evolution. According to the latest results of research, the process of genus appears to be more dynamic than previously assumed.The processes of internal dynamics of the environment in conjuncture with other studied aspects of the late cretaceous environment (e.g. paleotemperature, salinity, etc.) were a significant factor that initiated the activity of selective pressure and represents an important factor in group evolution. In this work we provide the overall hypothesis about co-evolution of two intrageneric (sisters) lineages in Rhynchostreon genera. The definiton of evolutionary trends of intrageneric lineages within the presented hypothesis (including a new description of oyster species) is supported by various analytical methods, which anchors them in the current zoological nomenclature system. An electron microscopy, isotopes and biometrical analysis of a shell in cooperation with some of the sedimentologic methods suggest a relation of lithology (as a result of environmental aspect) and evolution process. The transregional concept of proposed ecological-evolutionary models, based on materials studies from various paleogeographic regions of cretaceous world, increases the...
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Nautiloidea of Upper Cretaceous epicontinental seas in Europe
Frank, Jiří ; Košťák, Martin (advisor) ; Turek, Vojtěch (referee) ; Schlögl, Ján (referee)
The post-Triassic Nautiloidea are not as popular theme within fossils cephalopods research as for example ammonites. They are not very abundant in the fossil records except some rare localities and areas, their morphology is quite conservative and due to the usually poor preservation, their determination and assigning to the species even to genera level is often complicated. Exceptional are taxa with very specific morphology and short stratigraphic and endemic occurrence, which are even suitable for biostratigraphic interpretations. Problematic is also the often poor taxonomical representation of the type material and revision of many taxa is needed. Still nautilids are often represented by reasonable amount in the paleontological collections of natural history museums due to the long history of fossils collecting. Also the scientific literature has been dedicating at least some space to this group since 19 century. The aim of this study is to create an overview about the post- Triassic, especially Upper Cretaceous nautiolidea in the European region of epicontinental seas and prepare a good basement for extensive study of this group. Due to this aim the study is primarily focused on determination of morphological features and also problematic with their interpretation according to the variable...
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