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Alcohols utilization as non - freezing heat transfer liquids
Kořínková, Klára ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the alcohols used by the non-freezing heat transfer fluid. Were compared alcohols methanol, ethanol, ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,2-diol and propane-1,3-diol. The substances were examined mainly from the toxicological point of view and negative impacts on human health. Toxic substance was determined by ethane-1,2-diol. Propane-1,2-diol is the most used substance in the market which is non-toxic.
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Environmental Aspects of Pyrotechnic Mixtures.
Mešková, Michala ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The submitted bachelor thesis deals with the study of pyrotechnic compositions and their influence on the health and environment. It explains the nature and ingredients used in pyrotechnic compositions. During burning these compositions release different compounds, toxic or non-toxic into the atmosphere in large quantities. In this work the issue of toxicity of selected alkali, alkaline earth metals and the other harmful metals was explored. The pyrotechnic compositions containing Ba, As, Pb and Cd were investigated in more detail. When burning the pyrotechnic compositions release noxious substances into the air first. Then these substances reach due to wet or dry transport mechanism the other components of the environment and mix with them. These compounds have diverse negative effects both on humans and the environment and other animals.
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Biotransformation of nitro aromates
Tomeček, Jaromír ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
Contamination by nitroaromatic compounds, such as explosives, pesticides or other nitroaromatic compounds, is worldwide environmental problem. This text focuses on contamination by compounds from military and ammunition industry, most especially 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX). First goal of this work is to provide the reader with a aerobic biodegradation and transformation processes of nitroaromatic compounds named above. The second goal is to compare the toxicity of initial nitroaromates and their transformation intermediates.
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Modern detection methods of energetic materials
Šesták, Jozef ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The review of modern detection methods of explosives was composed. Firstly the thesis deals with the detection methods commonly used in forensics science such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy and mainly their innovations. Then the thesis is focused on simple but very sensitive methods using fluorescence and chemiluminescence. At the end a methods as the results of a latest research are mentioned. The main of them are micro cantilever sensors and differential reflectometry. Security and counterterrorist warfare is main point of thesis.
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Chemistry of polynitro heterocyclic compounds
Kubátková, Nela ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
The review of polynitro heterocyclic compounds was written. These are substances with ability to detonate, which is caused mainly by presence of nitrogroups, which are bonded to carbon atoms in their cycles. The thesis deals with common polynitro five-membered heterocycles with one nitro atom, up to six-membered heterocycles with three nitrogen atoms. There are processed basic information of these compounds, as well as their physical-chemical properties and properties of detonation, the possibility of their preparation, which are displayed in the form of chemical reactions.
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Chemistry of linear polynitramines
Teplá, Romana ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Friedl, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work is focused on chemistry of linear polynitramines, their physical-chemical and explosive properties with regards to the possibility of their preparation and field of utilization as energetic plasticizers of solid propellants and smokeless powder. The use of linear polynitramines as plasticizers or energetic binders is influenced by melting temperature which increases with the number of C-N(NO2)-C units in molecule of energetic material. Linear polynitramines with lower melting temperature are utilized as plasticizers of solid propellants and smokeless powder additives. Linear polynitramines with longer chain and consequently with higher melting points could be used as binders or energetic components of rocket propellants.
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The usage of OECD tests for determination of waste ecotoxicity
Zálešáková, Ludmila ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Bednařík, Karel (advisor)
In my bachelor thesis I consern myself with tests of waste ecotoxicity that are recommended by OECD. The main purpose of the thesis is to characterize these tests and compare them from the application aspect. The thesis presents OECD, its establishment and relation to the Czech Republic. Waste problems are discussed here too. Fundamental terms in this field, sorts of waste and its origin are defined here. The main attention is focused on ecotoxicological tests that are characterized according to their application, implementation and testing organism.
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Prevention and Rehabilitation of Overloading the Connective Tissue of Lower Limbs of Ice-Hockey Goalkeepers
BEDNAŘÍK, Karel
This bachelor thesis addresses the issue of compensatory exercises as a full-value part of the training of ice-hockey goalkeepers within the scope of prevention and rehabilitation of injuries caused by a one-sided load and overloading of lower limb tissues. The first objective of the thesis was to ascertain the situation concerning the inclusion of compensatory and relaxation procedures in the training of young and adult ice-hockey goalkeepers. The second objective was to propose suitable compensatory exercises and to prove their effect on the organism. The basic strategy of the bachelor thesis was a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. When collecting the data, I used the method of structured questionnaires with open-ended and closed-ended questions, structured interviews, observation methods and special physiotherapeutic examination. I used the clinical examination methods of aspection, palpation, myodynamia measurement, goniometry and other physiotherapeutic methods. The obtained data have been summarized in tables. The tested set was created by selection when the clients had to fulfil the following requirements: - the client is an ice-hockey player at the top or high level - the client is a goalkeeper - the clients are from various age groups and various ice-hockey clubs In order to attain the first objective of the thesis, I selected a group of nine respondents from nine ice-hockey clubs associated in the Czech Ice Hockey Association (ČSLH) and foreign ice-hockey clubs. In order to attain the second objective, I selected a group of six clients which underwent a 3-month research ended with the comparison of the entry and final examinations. Based on these results, I graphically represented the effect and potential of compensatory exercises as a suitable and integral part of the training process. The results have shown that relaxation and compensatory methods are very often marginalized in the training and preparation of ice-hockey goalkeepers, although these methods may prevent one-sided overload, subsequent problems and injuries of lower limb tissues. The thesis proves that although the negative consequences of one-sided overloading are known, their compensation and remedy do not enjoy sufficient attention and no or few compensatory mechanisms are utilized in practice. Nevertheless, it is absolutely obvious from the thesis results that that compensatory and relaxation methods have a very positive effect on the problems caused by a one-sided load, both in preventive and rehabilitation terms.
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