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Legal status of a child after break-up of their parents
Horváthová, Sylvie ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Legal status of a child after break-up of their parents Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is legal status of a child after break-up of their parents. It is focused both on children of married and unmarried parents. An extra chapter about legal status of children from atypical families is also included, which addresses unusual legal positions of children of same-sex parents, children born via surrogacy and children raised by foster and adoptive parents. In the first chapter I discuss the marriage, cohabitation and differences between these two. A brief description of how the law in question evolved is included as well. Second chapter covers parental responsibility. The following part is mostly focused on the topic of custody including an overview of the historical context. In this part, forms of custody and their specifics are described and an overview of interpretation issues resulting from regulations and laws is given. The section is also supported by findings from the field of psychology regarding forms of custody with focus on joint custody and parent alienation syndrome. A section about child perception of a divorce is also included. Next chapter depicts visitations between a child and their parents and also between the child and other persons. The interest of a child is also characterized, as...
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Action for retrial and for nullity
Korbelová, Kateřina ; Kubešová, Silvia (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
Action for retrial and for nullity Abstract This diploma thesis deals with action for retrial and for nullity. The aim is to provide a systematic interpretation about both of these institutes and characterize them in a system of extraordinary remedies. Although both of them are regulated in part four chapter two of the Act No. 99/1963 Coll., Civil Procedure Code, as amended, their respective purposes are completely different. Action for retrial serves for a remedy of factual defects as a final decision could not stand due to a fundamental change of facts whereas action for nullity serves for a remedy of important procedural defects which affected court decision itself or proceeding preceding it. Both institutes can challenge a final decision and break the legal certainty brought by it. This diploma thesis contains four chapters. The first of them deals with remedial systems and remedies containing a brief characteristic of individual types of remedial systems and remedies. The second chapter addressing action for retrial and the third chapter dealing with action for nullity represent main parts of the thesis. Division into subchapters is almost identical for both of them and the subchapters cover the following topics: historical development of both institutes, conditions of and grounds for admissibility,...
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Enforcement of judgments in family cases
Brhlíková, Pavla ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Kubešová, Silvia (referee)
The issue of the enforcement of judgments in family cases is of a specific nature and differs from the enforcement of other civil law decisions by the specific legal regulation and the nature of the subject matter of the enforcement of decisions, where the subject matter are persons, especially minors, and not thed pecuniary and non-pecuniary performance as in other cases of enforcement. In connection with the recodification of private substantive law, a new Act No. 292/2013 Coll., on Special court proceedings, which contains special legal regulations on the enforcement of judgments in matters of protection against domestic violence and in matters of custody of minors, was adopted. At the same time, Act No. 99/1963 Coll., The Code of Civil Procedure, was novelized and remained a subsidiary act. This thesis deals with special procedures for the enforcement of judgements in family cases, which we find in the second part of the fifth section of the Special court proceedings Act. In the first chapter, the thesis deals with the issue of civil proceedings, the enforcement proceedings and execution of decisions, with emphasis on its development, principles, functions and legal regulations. The second chapter focuses on the enforcement of judgements in family cases and on their specifics. The third chapter...
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Application for an appeal rewiev in civil procedure
Jaroš, Adam ; Kubešová, Silvia (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
The Application for an appeal review in civil court proceedings is an exceptional remedy, which may brought against final decisions of the Court of appeal. Through the application for an appeal review the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic not only corrects the defects of legal decisions of courts of appeal, but at the same time it keeps an eye on the unification of the decision-making practice of the courts of appeal. The legal regulation of the application for an appeal review is contained in particular in the Code of civil procedure, as amended, and its minor styling techniques can be found also in the Act on the special legal proceedings, and in the Act on courts and judges. Due to quite complicated legislation and high procedural demands that are placed on the application for an appeal review, is this extraordinary legal remedy a frequent subject of the decisions of the Supreme and the Constitutional Court, whose conclusions are in many decisions fundamentally distinguishing. These contradictions in such conclusions often makes legal regulation of an application for an appeal review even less transparent. The Code of civil procedure lays down the fundamental prerequisites to the admissibility of the application for an appeal review and its requirements. In the preparation of the application...
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Means of evidence in civil procedure
Bouška, Bohumír ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Kubešová, Silvia (referee)
Summary: The diploma thesis deals with one of current subject matter in civil law, a problem of evidence used in the civil procedures. This issue is in the centre of civil procedure because we can resolve any case with fair decision only by clarifying the factual situation between litigants. The importance of this issue isn't just for civil procedure, but for every legal action as well. The basics of the legal regulation represent two main civil codes. First of all it is Act. No. 99/1963 Coll., Code of Civil Procedure, as amended, which regulates the most important part of all civil procedures, in Czech legal theory so-called "dispute civil procedure". The second Act. No. 292/2013 Coll, special civil procedure, regulates other civil procedure with different principles, Czech legal theory called them "undisputed civil procedures". The aim of thesis is to analyse all the problems in regulation of evidences (law regulations, jurisprudence and Czech legal theory). The thesis also points out possible future changes in regulations. The thesis is divided into three basic parts. The first part explains the basic legal terms like a burden of proof and evidence. There are explained the most important terms. The second part of the thesis deals with evidences, which are regulated by Code of Civil procedure. It is the...
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Problematic aspects of selected executive titles
Bosáková, Nikol ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Macková, Alena (referee)
This rigorous thesis deals with the problematic aspects of selected executive titles I came across in the performance of my office as an assistant judge at the District Court in Ostrava. The choice of enforcement titles was purely subjective. The aim was therefore to provide a comprehensive and versatile view of issues of enforcement titles, both from theoretical and practical points of view. Within the specified scope of the thesis, I came up with the concept of this thesis by trying to define the very concept of execution (seizure), writ of execution, and their material and formal enforceability. After the introductory first chapter, the central part of the thesis follows, where I tried to analyse the individual types of execution titles, namely a notarial record with permission for enforceability, a writ of execution with permission for enforceability, and arbitration. I believe that at the present time, the Institute of Arbitration is still relatively often used in society. This chapter is devoted to the largest part of the work, as the development of the legal regulation revealed quite serious procedural and legal deficiencies in application practice. The thesis also seeks to analyse shortcomings in the legal regulation of selected writs of execution, and to confront them with the...
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Legal Proceeding of Establishment and Disputing Parentage
Svobodová, Petra ; Frintová, Dita (advisor) ; Kubešová, Silvia (referee)
Legal Proceeding of Establishing and Disputing Parentage The topic of this thesis is the legal proceedings of establishing or disputing parentage. The aim of the thesis is to provide complex description and analysis of current framework of the proceedings for establishing or disputing parentage in relation to the substantive measures, point out problematic areas and weak spots of the legislation and provide possible solutions de lege ferenda. The text is divided into eight chapters. First chapter deals with the term "parentage" from various perspectives - biological, social, legal and the link between them, mainly with the case law of the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights in mind. Second chapter provides the historical evolution of the legal framework for establishing and disputing parentage, going all the way back to the ancient Rome, Austrian Civil Code, the Family Law Code and the Family Code, to the present, where the civil law underwent re-codification and the whole area of family law has been included within the new Civil Code. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of the substantive measures regarding the establishing and disputing of parentage as described in the Civil Code, because the substantive measures and procedural measures are closely...
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Realisation of assets in insolvency
Backa, Jakub ; Pohl, Tomáš (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
Realisation of assets in insolvency Abstract Even after seven years since the Act no. 182/2006 Coll., On Bankruptcy and Its Resolution (Insolvency Act), which replaced Act no. 328/1991 Coll., on Bankruptcy and Settlement, has come into effect, there are still gradually emerging problems in interpretation and application of this act. This thesis aims to provide a detailed analysis of the process of realisation of assets in insolvency. The structure of this publication follows chronologically the procedure for realization of the assets in insolvency. Firstly, the author examined various entities of the insolvency proceedings, incl. insolvency court, insolvency trustee and different groups of creditors. In following parts the author defines a concept of insolvency assets and analyses a process of searching for the assets, their listing and removal from the list of assets as well as the administration of assets before their sale not missing out the issue of instructions of secured creditors for the administration of the assets. Subsequently, the author offers description of the process determining the method for realization of assets in insolvency and then individually analyses various ways in which assets could be sold: sale in auction, judicial sale, sale without auction and sale in auction organised by an...
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Discharge of debts of spouses
Janoušková, Kamila ; Pohl, Tomáš (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
Discharge of debts of spouses This thesis deals with in these days very current issue of discharge of debts of spouses. During the effectiveness of the discharges of debts regulation in Czech laws the social development continues. This development brings also a new phenomenon - a huge indebtedness of natural persons (not self-employed persons) respectively households in the Czech Republic. In spite of the fact the problematic regulation of discharge of debts of spouses is being subject to many amendments, the outcome of them was not always satisfactory. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the institute of discharge of debts of spouses, to point out the imperfections of the regulation, to provide its comparison to foreign regulations and to phrase potential amendments of the particular problematic provisions. The thesis is divided into four separate chapters. Chapter one focuses on theoretical basis of the issue in the wide scope of insolvency law and also introduces actual indebtedness of the Czech households that gives rise to legal regulation of discharge of debts. Also it summarizes the regulation of joint marital property in the Czech law which may cause several problems when applying the debt forgiveness regulation on married persons. The first chapter comprises the ground for the following...
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Legal and Ethical aspects of assisted reproduction
Součková, Anna ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
This thesis deals with legal and ethical aspects of assisted reproduction. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the current legal regulation of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic, in comparison with the legal system of selected countries. Further aim is to expose the legal regulation's deficits and suggest possible solutions de lege ferenda, particularly with regard to scientific developments and ethical attitudes of the current society. The thesis is divided into six chapters, including the introduction and conclusion. The introductory chapter outlines the issue of assisted reproduction and denotes individual areas on which the thesis will focus. The first chapter deals with the various methods of assisted reproduction and with the term of infertility from the perspective of medical and historical perspective. The second chapter focuses on the legal regulation of individual areas of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic. Among others, these areas consist of the constitutional protection of the human embryo, the determination of parenthood, the issue of surrogacy, gamete donation and disposition of embryos. The third chapter deals with a comparison of legal framework in selected states. As a representative of the Anglo-American system was chosen United Kingdom of Great Britain and...
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